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Efua Theodora Sutherland

Ze'ele Wikipiidiya
Efua Theodora Sutherland
nera
naaŋɔfemale Demese
country of citizenshipGhana Demese
name in native languageEfua Theodora Sutherland Demese
given nameEfua Demese
family nameSutherland Demese
date of birth27 Siibenya'aŋa 1924 Demese
place of birthCape Coast Demese
date of death2 Ko'oro 1996 Demese
place of deathAnkara Demese
childEsi Sutherland-Addy Demese
languages spoken, written or signedEnglish, Akan Demese
writing languageEnglish Demese
field of workpoetry, author, gɔngulesera, pedagogue, academic Demese
employerUniversity of Ghana Demese
educated atSt Monica's Senior High School, Homerton College, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Demese
academic degreeBachelor of Science Demese
academic majorlinguistics Demese
start of work period1951 Demese
end of work period1996 Demese
magnum opusDrama Studio, Panafest, Edufa, Foriwa: A play, The Marriage of Anansewa Demese
award receivedGoogle Doodle Demese
personal pronounL484 Demese
 

Efua Theodora Sutherland (ba dɔgɛ e la June ŋmarega la puan ka dabesa piseyi la ayopɔi daarɛ ta paɛ January ŋmarega la puan ka dabesa ayi daarɛ n boi 1996 yuunɛ la puan)[1]. A yumm de la gulesa sɛka n guleseri de'eno gɔnɔ. Dagi bala ma'a, a kelum yuum dɛna la niŋa daana, gɔngulesa, kɔma gɔngulesa, mina n guleseri dakerɛ, zamesegɔ yɛla, viisa, kɔma zuo yɛla, la buuri malema yɛla.

Gunseto ti a gulesɛ de la: Foriwa (1962),[2] Edufa (1967),[3]la "The Marriage of Anansewa" (1975).[4][5] Iŋa n sɔi tigere sɛka ti ba yi'ira "Ghana Drama Studio"[6]la se'em ti ba mi yi'ira ti "Ghana Society of Writers",[7] "Ghana Experimental Theatre", "Kodzidan" ( gee ti basɛba yi'ira ti Story House ).[8] Iŋa n yuum de yia niŋa daana la zuo ti a yuum ta'am basɛ ti de'eŋo yɛla n boi Ghana wa yuum tɔla niŋa. Dagi la bala ma'a, iŋa n yuum basɛ ti na yuum nyaa pa'ala de'eŋo yɛla bɔna sukuu kara puan ti ba yi'ira ti "University" la[9][10]. A kelum tara sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti "Afram Publications" n boi  Accra  bɔna 1970 yuunɛ la  puan.[11] [12]Sutherland tuuma zo'e zo'e yuum kɔ'ɔm dɛna la a bisera gulesegɔ yɛla tuuma Ghana wa amaa, a tuuma la yuum kelum basɛ ti a biŋe la sɛla ri ba yi'ira ti " Drama Studio" bala zuo n basɛ ti gulesegɔ tuuma yuum nyaa kina niŋa bɔna nɛresabelega so'olum za'a waabi.[13]

Ze'ele daamesa wa paɛ zina hali la 1950 yuuma la puan ta paɛ a kum yuunɛ. A gulesegɔ zo'e zo'e yuum kɔ'ɔm tɔgera la sukuu, zamesegɔ, kɔma la sinii tuuma yɛla ta paɛ a kum yuunɛ.[14] [15]A 1960 yuunɛ puan foote la pa'alɛ ti iŋa ka Willis E. Bell n yuum lagum taaba iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti kɔma de'eŋo bɔna 1980 yuunɛ la puan.[16]

Sutherland tuuma zo'e zo'e yuum kelum pa'alɛ ti a yuum boti ti nɛresabesi la solemiisi zɔta taaba duneya wa zuo. Iŋa la nɛresɛba n tabelɛ tum de la: Chinua Achebe, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, Wo. E. B. Du Bois la Shirley Graham Du Bois, Margaret Busby, Tom Feelings, Langston Hughes, Martin Luther King and Coretta Scott King, Femi Osofisan, Félix Morisseau-Leroy, Es'kia Mphahlele, Wole Soyinka la Ngugi !wa Thiong'o. La yuum de la 1980 yuunɛ la puan ti a tuuma pɔsɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti "PANAFEST" bɔna 1992 yuunɛ la puan.[17][18]

Efua Sutherland yuum ki la Accra. A yuum nyɛ la yuum piwɔi la ayima bɔna 199 try6 yuunɛ la puan.[19]

Sukuu yɛla la pɔsega tuuma

[demese | demesego zia]

Sutherland yuum ta seke Dr W. E. B. Du Bois bɔna 1958 yuunɛ la puan ti a yuum tari Ghana nɛreba kiŋɛ "Afro-Asian Writers Conference" bɔna Tashkent (ti ka nyaa dɛna Uzbekistan tinkatɛ la). A yuum doose la bilam pa'alɛ ti la narɛ mɛ ti ba iŋɛ bala se'em ti la wan suŋɛ ti Afirika nɛreba n boi solemitiŋa ta'am dɛna taaba ba vom puan. Iŋɛ n yuum bala zuo ti Ghana gɔmena yuum sakɛ ti a wan suŋɛ la ligere ti ba iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti PANAFEST. Sini n yuum de yia daana ti ba iŋɛ de'eŋo la taaba bɔna Cape Coast, Elmina la Accra, n boi Ghana. La yuum pɔsɛ la 12 ta paɛ 19 December 1992 yuunɛ la puan. De'eŋo la zuo yuum de la "The Re-emergence of African Civilization Hali, la a kum saŋa bɔna 1963 yuunɛ la puan, a yuum kelum suŋɛ Mrs Shirley Du Bois mɛ. Ze'ele 1980 yuuma la puan, Sutherland yuum de la nɛra n yuum tum kanakaŋi ti ba biŋe "W.E.B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture and mausoleum" bɔna Du Bois yire la. A yire wa yuum boi Gaana tinkatɛ la puan n de boi Ankara.

[20] Bɔna 1980 yuunɛ la puan, Sutherland yuum gulesɛ la gɔnɔ ti la yu'urɛ dɛna "Proposal for a Historical Drama Festival in Cape Coast". A yuum doose la bilam pa'alɛ ti la narɛ mɛ ti ba iŋɛ bala se'em ti la wan suŋɛ ti Afirika nɛreba n boi solemitiŋa ta'am dɛna taaba ba vom puan. A yuum doose la bilam pa'alɛ ti la narɛ mɛ ti ba iŋɛ bala se'em ti la wan suŋɛ ti Afirika nɛreba n boi solemitiŋa ta'am dɛna taaba ba vom puan. Iŋɛ n yuum bala zuo ti Ghana gɔmena yuum sakɛ ti a wan suŋɛ la ligere ti ba iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti PANAFEST. Sini n yuum de yia daana ti ba iŋɛ de'eŋo la taaba bɔna Cape Coast, Elmina la Accra, n boi Ghana. La yuum pɔsɛ la 12 ta paɛ 19 December 1992 yuunɛ la puan. De'eŋo la zuo yuum de la "The Re-emergence of African Civilization Iŋɛ n yuum bala zuo ti Ghana gɔmena yuum sakɛ ti a wan suŋɛ la ligere ti ba iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti PANAFEST. Sini n yuum de yia daana ti ba iŋɛ de'eŋo la taaba bɔna Cape Coast, Elmina la Accra, n boi Ghana. La yuum pɔsɛ la 12 ta paɛ 19 December 1992 yuunɛ la puan. De'eŋo la zuo yuum de la "The Re-emergence of African Civilization

Ba yuum dɔgɛ Efua Theodora Morgue la Cape Coast n boi Gold Coast (gee ri ba nyaa yi'ira ka nananawa ti Ghana). A yuum zamesɛ ti a lebege la pa'ala n boi St Monica's Training College bɔna Mampong.[21][22] A yuum ze'ele la bilam nyaa yuum kiŋɛ England ta zamesɛ to'e BA degree ze'ele Homerton College m boi Cambridge University. Iŋa n yuum de yia poka ti a kiŋɛ bini ta zamesɛ. Pooren ti a yuum kiŋɛ ti zamesɛ bɔna sukuu sɛka ti ba yi'ira ti School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London.[23][24][25]

A yuum nyaa Lem Ghana la 1951 yuunɛ la puan. A yuum ta dɛna la pa'ala n boi Fijai Secondary School bɔna Sekondi, yuum ze'ele bilam kiŋɛ ta dɛna pa'ala n boi St. Monica's School (1951 yuunɛ la puan–54). Bala ma'a saŋa ti a yuum pɔsɛ gulesa kɔma gɔnɔ.[26] A maa a yuum yeti n kɔɔm pɔsɛ a gulesegɔ la 1951 yuunɛ la puan. Hali a yuum kelum tɛra ti iŋa pɔsɛ la  Easter saŋa la puan.[27]

1954 yuunɛ la puan ti a yuum ele Bill Sutherland n yuum de "African American" gee ti 1953 yuunɛ la puan ti a yuum nyaa kulum Ghana wa bɔna[28][29]. Ba tari ba kɔma bata They Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ralph Sutherland, Amowi Sutherland Phillips[30][31]. A yuum suŋɛ a sira ti a mɛ sukuu bɔna Transvolta[32][33].

Literary production

[demese | demesego zia]

Se'em ma'a ti nɛresabega yuum ta to'e bamɛsi yese solemiisi nu'usin e de 1957 puan la, Efua Sutherland yuum  ka'asɛ Gaana duma sɔ'ɔlum gɔlesereba (pooren ta dɛna Gaana gulesereba tigere),[28] sɛka ti 1960 puan yuum tari yia  sɛba e ta gulesera gee kaala gɔnɔ  Okyeame yese na, la Sutherland e po lagum pa'asɛ dɛna dɛmesera.[29][30]

Sutherland yuum nyaŋɛ mɛ la sɔlema soleŋo la de'eno asi'a e ze'ele Gaana duma zi'an buuri yɛla. Ka de'eno la zo'e zo'e yuum ni kɔ'ɔm dɛna la buuri malema sɔlema duma, gee me le kelum le pemese  asi'a ze'ele Western zaaleŋa, tɛɛsena African solengiresi sɔsega kina zina beere wa de'eno  sɔa/fɔla.[31]Ka dakerɛ duma zo'e zo'e la gulesegɔ basɛba yuum kaalɛ mɛ e boi "the singing net" walesi zuo de'eŋo e pɔsɛ ze'ele Henry Swanzy, [32][33]gee ti pooren ti ka yuum ta yese a niɛ peelumi e  de ka 12960 "anthology" kua e boi Gaana. Ka yia 1960 ti ka yese Okyeame kaalegɔ gɔnɔ tari la ka solengirega "Samantaase", ka le malum sɔlena la solengirega.[30] ka de'eno zo'e zo'e ti ba mina a suŋa de la  Edufa (1967) (kɔ'ɔm bɔna me la  Alcestis yese Euripides zi'an), Foriwa (1975), la Anansewaa ɛlega la (1975).[6]

1958 puan, Sutherland yuum biŋe la Gaana de'eŋo zi'an, sɛka e yuum kɔ'ɔm bɔna ti ba kɔ'ɔm tara ka dɛ'ɛna Gaana de'eŋo zi'an ma'a ti Sutherland mɛ gee ti  zuudaana Kwame Nkrumah dikɛ ka yese bii niɛ ka peelum e de 1963 la Joe de Graft ti ka dɛna ka wia kɛ'ɛma. E boi Ankara tiŋa puan, de'eŋo zi'an la yuum lebege la kumesegɔ zi'an bo nɛreba zo'e zo'e e boti ti ba kɔmesɛ ze'ele Africa za'a waabi. 1962 puan, ka yuum ta pa'asɛ la sukuu saaŋa tuntuneba puan yuuma la de'eŋo, ti J. H. Kwabena Nketia yuum dɛna zuudaana. [26] 1963 puan, sansɛka ti Sutherland yuum dikɛ sore bii yɔ'ɔ e boi viisegɔ ta pa'asɛ e boi African zamesegɔ weeleŋo, Gaana yunivɛsiti.[20][34]Ka yuum tari mɛ ta pa'asɛ la ka Gaana de'eŋo zi'an, sɛka e yuum ta lebege yiŋa kumesegɔ zi'an/fole, ti ba yi'ira ka ti Gaana yunivɛsiti de'eŋo zi'an.[20] [31][35]Sutherland, ta pa'asɛ la ka viisegɔ tuunɛ la puan la ka pa'alegɔ e boi African de'eŋo yɛla puan la, yuum de la nɛrezure e boi tigere sɛka e sakɛ gee pi'ilum sukuu ti ba zamesera zagemɔ. Gee me kelum ta hiigɛ/pakɛ mɛ la buuri sɔlema soleŋo la timmaaleŋɔ zi'an, kaŋa e biŋe bii e pi'ilum Kodzidan (sɔlema yire) e boi Ekumfi-Atwia, Central Region, sɛka ti ba yuum mina ka ti eŋa e de tiŋa wa za'a ti ka dɛna suŋerɛ yɔ'ɔ e boi de'eŋo zi'an bo maalegɔ.

La nyaa yuum de la 1970 yuunɛ la puan duma pɔsega puan, Sutherland yuum lagum pa'asɛ mɛ ti ba biŋe niirɛ kɔmpine Afram niirɛ zi'an, sɛka ti ba yuum lagum iŋɛ ka e de 1973, gee ti Kilinkiiŋa 1974 puan pɔsɛ tuna ze'ele ka e sɔi e miŋa zi'an e boi "Araba Mansa", ka yire e boi Dzorwulu, Ankara.1[11]Sutherland yuum yee mɛ ka pa'asɛ e boi Afram's yelesaanɛ tuunɛ gura ka kum. [35]

Buuri malema yɛla (Cultural activism and pan-Africanism)

[demese | demesego zia]

Sutherland tuuma yuum paɛ zi'an woo mɛ n boi Africa za'a waabi. Maya Angelou gɔŋɔ la ti a yuum gulesɛ la pa'alɛ ti di yuurɛ dɛna "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes" yuum pa'alɛ yeti, a zamesɛ sɛla yɛsa Ghana malema dɔla 1960 yuuma la puan ti Efua Sutherland yuum dɛna a sɔ duma la zuo.[34]

Sutherland yuum ta seke Dr W. E. B. Du Bois bɔna 1958 yuunɛ la puan ti a yuum tari Ghana nɛreba kiŋɛ "Afro-Asian Writers Conference" bɔna Tashkent (ti ka nyaa dɛna Uzbekistan tinkatɛ la).Hali, la a kum saŋa bɔna 1963 yuunɛ la puan, a yuum kelum suŋɛ Mrs Shirley Du Bois mɛ. Ze'ele 1980 yuuma la puan, Sutherland yuum de la nɛra n yuum tum kanakaŋi ti ba biŋe "W.E.B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture and mausoleum" bɔna Du Bois yire la n boi Accra.[39]

1980 yuunɛ la puan, Sutherland yuum gulesɛ la gɔnɔ ti la yu'urɛ dɛna "Proposal for a Historical Drama Festival in Cape Coast". A yuum doose la bilam pa'alɛ ti la narɛ mɛ ti ba iŋɛ bala se'em ti la wan suŋɛ ti Afirika nɛreba n boi solemitiŋa ta'am dɛna taaba ba vom puan. Iŋɛ n yuum bala zuo ti Ghana gɔmena yuum sakɛ ti a wan suŋɛ la ligere ti ba iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti PANAFEST. Sini n yuum de yia daana ti ba iŋɛ de'eŋo la taaba bɔna Cape Coast, Elmina la Accra, n boi Ghana. La yuum pɔsɛ la 12 ta paɛ 19 December 1992 yuunɛ la puan. De'eŋo la zuo yuum de la "The Re-emergence of African Civilization".[17]

Kɔma tuuma yɛla (Advocacy for children)

[demese | demesego zia]

Sutherland n yuum de zuo daana bo'ora sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti "UN Convention on the Rights of the Child" gee yuum kelum dɛna zuo daana bo'ora "National Commission on Children" ze'ele 1983 yuunɛ la puan ta paɛ 1990 yuunɛ la puan. A de la nɛra ti kɔma imma'asum yɛla yuum kɔ'ɔm lu a niŋa kankaŋi. Bala zuo ti a yuum pɔsɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira "Child Education Fund" ti la suŋɛ kɔma sɛba n boi timbibesi puan la. A yuum kelum mɛ kaalegɔ zi'an mɛ bo kɔma wa ti ba kina bini kaala gɔnɔ.  Dagi bala ma'a, a yuum kelum pɔsɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti "Mmofra Foundation" bɔna 1997 yuunɛ la puan ti la suŋera kɔma mi'ilum la zamesegɔ yɛla.[14] Ze'ele 2012 yuunɛ la puan to paɛ 1961yuunɛ la, a yuum ta'am iŋɛ yɛla zo'e zo'e n yuum suŋeri kɔma zamesegɔ yɛla. Tuunsɛka ti a yuum le iŋɛ bɔna "Institute of African Studies" n boi Legon sukuu la puan yuum de la sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti "Children's Drama Development Project". Tuunɛ la zuo yele yuum de la la suŋɛ ti ba gulesɛ gɔnɔ la sadɔseto ti ba wan tara pa'ala kɔma Ghana wa. Bala n yuum sɔi ti Sutherland yuum nyɛ gɔŋɔ ze'ele UNICEF duma tigere la puan ti a lagum suŋɛ ti ba gulesɛ gɔnɔ biŋɛ ti la gu'ura kɔma vom yɛla.[36]

Tuunsɛka ti a yuum le iŋɛ bɔna "Institute of African Studies" n boi Legon sukuu la puan yuum de la sɛla ti ba yi'ira solemiine puan ti "Children's Drama Development Project". Tuunɛ la zuo yele yuum de la la suŋɛ ti ba gulesɛ gɔnɔ la sadɔseto ti ba wan tara pa'ala kɔma Ghana wa. Bala n yuum sɔi ti Sutherland yuum nyɛ gɔŋɔ ze'ele UNICEF duma tigere la puan ti a lagum suŋɛ ti ba gulesɛ gɔnɔ biŋɛ ti la gu'ura kɔma vom yɛla.[35]

Pɔka kayima ti ba yuum yi'ira e ti lorence Laast, ti a yuum dɛna zuo daana bo'ora St "Martin de Porres School" yuum nyɛ sore tɔgera a vom gee tuum yeti Sutherland vom yɛla n ta'asɛ ti iŋa dɛna nɛra zina. A kelum paasɛ ti, Sutherland po pa'asɛ la nɛrekara n tari putikara duneya wa zuo[37]

Na'asegɔ (Honours)

[demese | demesego zia]

2020 yuunɛ la puan, se'em ma'a ti ba yuum sita tingɔŋɔ pɔgesi daarɛ kibesi la ti ba yi'ira la solemiine puan ti "International Women's Day" Sutherland  yuum to'e la na'asegɔ duma bata ze'ele yuuma duma zi'an yɛsa la iŋa n yuum iŋɛ se'em a vom puan ti la tara suŋerɛ katɛ se'em bo'ora Ba la Ghana za'a waabi.[38][39]

Bureya pooren ŋmaresi sita la puan, March 2024 yuunɛ la puan, a tuuma duma yuum iŋɛ la kibesi tɛra a yuum kɔbega daarɛ bo'ora Efua Sutherland bɔna Accra. Dabesere ti a yuum wan dɛna yuum kɔbega la.[40]

N basɛ pooren sɛla la sɛla (Legacy)

[demese | demesego zia]

. "1992 National theater mia la e boi Gaana la pooren e boi zɛsɛka ti ba ita de'eŋo la puan la, la de la yeledi'ine ti sitedio wa yuum mɛa mɛ e boi Gaana Yunivɛsiti  beene puan ti ka lagum pa'asɛ dɛna sukuu la lɔkɔ ti ba tara ita yagebegɔ. San sɛka ti ba yuum ta dɛ'ɛna yunivɛsiti la yuumpinuu puan de'eŋo la, ba nyaa yuum le malum tee siŋɛ zi'an wa yu'urɛ ti " Sutherland Drama Studio".

Efua Sutherland kɔma paki.

. Boi mɛ lɛm la Ankara tiŋasuka, ɛka pia la ayi kuna weeleŋo/fole wa Sutherland e yuum sɔi ka bisera e  de 1980 bɔba sa ti ka dɛna paki bo kɔma woo.

Zi'an bii peelum wa e yuum de ɛka pia la ayi wa e yuum boi Ankara tiŋasuka wa ba yuum gee ka biŋe mɛ ti kɔma paki e boi Ankara tiŋasuka dɔla la suŋerɛ yɛsera [15] Efua Sutherland gee ti ba tee sigɛ ka ti yu'urɛ la dɛna eŋa yu'urɛ. [41][42][43][34]

. Efua Sutherland de la palɛ la ayima e boi zi'an la puan e boi Amsterdam, Netherlands duma la e sigɛ ka yɛsera la yelemɛŋerɛ pɔka e de gɔngulesa la de'emdɛ'ɛna. [42][36]

. Tara paŋa hali 1997 sa, Mmofra tigere wa yuum pi'ilum yɛsera la Efua Sutherland nu'usin e yuum de ka ki'i yuuma puan gee ti ba yuum dikɛ ka  de'em ti ba yalegɛ ba buuri malema la ba kɔma mi'ilum ba vom puan bo kɔma woo e boi Gaana. Yuuma pisiyi e tole, kɔma tusa e yuum nyɛti suŋerɛ zɛ'ɛta ka yelemɛŋerɛ, yɛm kamiŋa la yagebɔ yɛla de'eno duma.

. Buuri zɛsabelɛ bii paki ti ba yuum yi'ira ka ti "Mmofra" kɔmbibesi zi'an e boi Dzorwulu bɔba e boi Ankara ti ba yuum yu'uŋɛ bo kɔma e boi zɛsɛka woo, pu'usɛ .

. Efua T. Sutherland buuri duma.

. Efua Sutherland deo la de la sukuu kɔma deo ti ba ki'ira bii bɔna e boi Ashesi yunivɛsiti, Berekuso, Gaana.

. Efua Sutherland e basɛ lɔgeseto:

Pan African buuri malema puan,  ba yuum dikɛ a vom niɛ peelemi e de 2007, ti Anne V. Adams la Esi Sutherland-Addy yuum demese ka.[19]

Pa'asereba de la:  Anne Adams, Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, Kofi Anyidoho, Sandy Arkhurst, William Branch, Margaret Busby, John Collins, David Donkor, James Gibbs, Comfort Caulley-Hanson, Biodun Jeyifo, Robert July, Mabel Komasi, Florence Laast, John Lemly, Jurgen Martini, Michael McMullan, Penina Mlama, Femi Osofisan, Sandra Richards, Amowi Sutherland Phillips, Ola Rotimi, Margaret Watts, Henry Wellington, la Vivian Windley.

. Gulesera, dakera, pa'ala la Diplomat Abena P. A. Busia dikɛ zuwaka bo Efua Sutherland ("To the Roadmaker") e boi ka dakerɛ duma gɔnɔ ka puan "Traces of Life: Elegies la pɛka dakerɛ duma (Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2008).

Ba yuum na'asɛ .

. Sutherland me la Google Doodle e de Siibenya'aŋa 27, 2018, sɛka ti ka wan nyɛni ka yuumpiwai la anaasi puan dugum dabeserɛ.

Kaalegɔ basɛba (Further reading)

[demese | demesego zia]

[demese | demesego zia]

  • Anne V. Adams and Esi Sutherland-Addy, eds (2007). The Legacy of Efua Sutherland: Pan-African Cultural Activism, Banbury: Ayebia Clarke Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9547023-1-1
  • Fadare, Nureni Oyewole. "The Folkloric Tradition and the Female Characters in Efua T. Sutherland's and Ama Ata Aidoo's Plays". Ibadan Journal of English Studies 7 (2018):341–360.
  • James Gibbs, "Efua Sutherland: The 'Mother' of the Ghanaian Theatre", in Nkyin-kyin: Essays on the Ghanaian Theatre (Cross/Cultures 98), Rodopi, 2009.
  • Salm & Falola (2002). Culture and Customs of Ghana. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32050-0
  • Esi Sutherland-Addy, "Creating For and With Children in Ghana — Efua Sutherland: A retrospective", in Michael Etherton (ed.), African Theatre: Youth, James Currey Ltd, 2006, pp. 1–15.

Kelum bisɛ kalam wa (See also)

[demese | demesego zia]

[demese | demesego zia] [edit source]

  • Flora Nwapa, Nigerian writer and publisher
  • Margaret Busby, Ghanaian publisher

Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (References)

[demese | demesego zia]

[demese | demesego zia]

  • Ba demese pɛgerɛ wa la 1 Sapɔɔlegɔ 2025, gogo 22:26.
  • Gulesegɔ wa boe la Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; wara siseto ta’am kelum bɔna mɛ ti fu wan doose. Bisɛ Dikɛ tum wara nyɛ ku yɛla za’a.

Works briefly annotated

[demese | demesego zia]

Sutherland nyaŋɛ mɛ la sɔlema soleŋo la de'eno aŋa asi'a e ze'ele Gaana wa buuri malema puan. Ka de'eno la zo'e zo'e ni kɔ'ɔm bɔna la buuri sɔlema, amaa ani kelum pemese asi'a  mɛ ze'ele Western zaaleŋa, tɛɛsena African wa solengiresi sɔsega kina yɔɔma de'eno  yɛla/sɔa puan. [31] Ka dakerɛ duma la zo'e zo'e la gulesegɔ duma la basɛba  yuum yese mɛ e boi yuuma puan (singing net), walesi zuo de'eŋo kayima ti Henry Swanzy pɔsɛ, [32][33] dee ti pooren ba yuum ta dikɛ la niɛ peelum bɔna 1958 n de wuu Ghana kuusi. 1960 pɔsega yuunɛ la puan ti ba yuum  iŋɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira "Okyeame magazine" ti la yuum tara a solegira duma basɛba magese wuu "Samantaase", n de solene ti a yuum le maan ita.[30] A de'eŋo duma sɛba n ani suŋa gana za'a de la: Edufa (1967) (dɔla "Alcestis by Euripides"), Foriwa (1967), la de'eŋo seko ti ba yi'ira ti "The Marriage of Anansewa" (1975).[6]

Edufa puan la, yele-ita la yuum ka boti ti a ki, dee nyaa yuum dikɛ a pɔga, Ampoma, yuum ta tee kum la ti a yuum nari ti a ki la. De'eŋo la puan, Sutherland dikɛ la buuri malema la Ghana duma sira sakerɛ dee kelum dikɛ solemiisi mi'ilum la ba malema lagum iŋɛ ka ti la pa'alɛ ti Edufa  de la nɛra n de tata dee ti a nɛreba na'asa e. as a rich and successful modern person who is held in high esteem by his people. De'eŋo la tari la diimi sa duma  malema ita de'eŋo dee la mi kelum pa'ala la Edufa n de nɛresɛka la pɔgesi basɛba duma n boti naresum yɛla sɛba n tole la.[31]

Foriwa puan la,  yele-ita kanakaŋi la yuum de la naba pɔka poyua bo'ora Kyerefasotiŋa duma la Labaran, n yuum baasɛ univɛsiti ze'ele saazuen bɔna Ghana wa la.  A yuum kɔ'ɔm vɔna la vom n ani naana bii ka tɔi dee yuum nyaa tari teere wa'am Kyerefaso tiŋa puan se'em n sɔi la ba yuum ka sakɛ ti ba zamesɛ yelesaanɛ malum pa'asɛ.[31] Foriwa tuunɛ kankaŋi de la a tara nuyinɛ sina diimi la nananawa wa malema bii tuuma.[6] De'eŋo la n tari suŋesere  bo'ora Ghana de la a suŋɛ ti Ghana malum nyɛ putipaalega yɛsa inkeŋere la puti'ira n wan suŋɛ ti ba tata lagena buuri asi'a ti nɔyinɛ bɔna bini .[31]

De'eŋo saŋa Afirika wa de la sɛla ti ba yuum pa'alaɛ ti la de la "a groundbreaking book on Ghana's play culture" ti Sutherland daa ti'isɛ ti la de la sɛla n pakɛ wan ta'am basɛ ti kɔmbesi yɛm la ba inya tɔla niŋa.[44]Dagi la ba daa dikɛ gɔŋɔ wa niɛ peelum yuuma ata puan ti Ghana daa to'e ba misi yese solemiisi nu'usum la dee la kelum dɛna la yia kɔma de'eŋo gɔŋɔ n niɛ peelum bɔna Ghana wa. Gɔŋɔ la yuum tŋeri pa'ala la kɔma n ni tara sa'aŋɔ se'em bo'ora tiŋa la nɛreba dee kelum pa'ala buuri gulesegɔ nyuurɔ n de sɛla yɛsa kɔma gɔnɔ gulesegɔ. A yuum ba'asɛ bilam dee yuum nyaa dikɛ la niɛ peelum ti la suŋera kɔma de'eŋo gɔnɔ gulesegɔ.

Gɔŋɔ seko ti ba yi'ira ti "A Voice in the Forest" de la gɔŋɔ n pa'alɛ nalɛka, ligebɔrɛ, la duneya yeletooro n ani se'em bɔna sansɛka ti solemiisi yuum dɛna Ghana ka dee kelum pa'ala la yuum tari daaseko bo'ora kɔma Ghana wa. Gɔŋɔ la pa'alɛ la solema Akan dɔla buuri malema yɛla puan dee ita ŋwan dɔla yele-iteba puan. La pa'alɛ ti budaa kayima yu'urɛ n yuum de Bemponh n yuum ta nyɛ sɛla ti ba yi'ira ti Samanta. Pɔsega la puan, Bempong yuum tari sira sakerɛ bo'ora  Samanta  mɛ ti a dagi ougela n boi dee Samantayuum ka sakɛ boi e. Bala ti Bempong yuum kɛ a zonto basɛ dee basɛ e ti pooren ti Bempong yuum ta baŋɛ ti a de la Samanta n bala.[45]Iŋɛ n yuum ta nyɛ a kɔa la yɛsa sunsuyiisum puan la ti Samanta yuum pugum po bo tiŋa la mɛ dee ti ba yuum ka tara dia gura seem ma'a ti a zonto la puse. Nɛrekatɛ n boi gɔŋɔ la puan yu'urɛ de la Afrum n de  Bempong dayua. Dee ti nɛreba yi'ira e ti tiŋa la gɔɔŋɔ. Sutherland n yuum loe ti a na'asɛ tiŋa la gɔɔŋɔ la yuum de la sɛla ti ba pugum tara ita ti la yuum hali nɛresabesi zaaleŋa gulesegɔ puan ti ba yi'ira ti "African literature"[46].

Selected bibliography

[demese | demesego zia]
  • with Willis E. Bell, The Roadmakers: a picture book of Ghana(for children). Accra: Ghana Information Services / London: Newman Neame, 1961, 1963
  • with Willis E. Bell, Playtime in Africa (for children), New York: Atheneum, 1962
  • Edufa (play), Longman, 1967
  • Foriwa: A Play in Three Acts, Accra-Tema: State Publishing Corporation, 1967
  • Tahinta (1968)
  • Vulture! Vulture! and Tahina: Two Rhythm Plays, Tema: Ghana Publishing House, 1968
  • Odasani (play), Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications, 1969
  • with Willis Bell, The Original Bob: The Story of Bob Johnson, Ghana's Ace Comedian (play), Accra: Anowuo Educational Publications, 1970
  • Anansegoro: Story-Telling Drama in Ghana, Accra: Afram, 1975
  • The Marriage of Anansewa (play) Zɛsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti "Mmofra Place" wa boi la Dzorwulu soolum n boi Ankara. Zi'an ti ba yi'ira ti "Mmofra Place" wa boi la Dzorwulu soolum n boi Ankara. Efua T. Sutherland kelum tara zian mɛ n boi ti ba yi'ira ti "Efua Sutherland Hall" bɔna Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana wa. Efua Sutherland: Iŋa n basɛ pooren yɛsa Afirika la buuri malema yɛla se'em de la ba yuum na'asɛ e bɔna 2007 yuunɛ la puan. Seba n yuum bisɛ gɔŋɔ wa de la:  Anne V. Adams la Esi Sutherland-Addy.[19] Sɛba n yuum lagum po gulesɛ mi de la: Anne Adams, Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, Kofi Anyidoho, Sandy Arkhurst, William Branch, Margaret Busby, John Collins, David Donkor, James Gibbs, Comfort Caulley-Hanson, Biodun Jeyifo, Robert July, Mabel Komasi, Florence Laast, John Lemly, Jurgen Martini, Michael McMullan, Penina Mlama, Femi Osofisan, Sandra Richards, Amowi Sutherland Phillips, Ola Rotimi, Margaret Watts, Henry Wellington, la Vivian Windley. Efua T. Sutherland kelum tara zian mɛ n boi ti ba yi'ira ti "Efua Sutherland Hall" bɔna Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana wa. Zɛsɛka ti ba yi'ira ti "Mmofra Place" wa boi la Dzorwulu soolum n boi Ankara. Zi'an ti ba yi'ira ti "Mmofra Place" wa boi la Dzorwulu soolum n boi Ankara. Efua T. Sutherland kelum tara zian mɛ n boi ti ba yi'ira ti "Efua Sutherland Hall" bɔna Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana wa. Efua Sutherland: Iŋa n basɛ pooren yɛsa Afirika la buuri malema yɛla se'em de la ba yuum na'asɛ e bɔna 2007 yuunɛ la puan. Seba n yuum bisɛ gɔŋɔ wa de la:  Anne V. Adams la Esi Sutherland-Addy.[19] Sɛba n yuum lagum po gulesɛ mi de la: Anne Adams, Esi Sutherland-Addy, Ama Ata Aidoo, Maya Angelou, Kofi Anyidoho, Sandy Arkhurst, William Branch, Margaret Busby, John Collins, David Donkor, James Gibbs, Comfort Caulley-Hanson, Biodun Jeyifo, Robert July, Mabel Komasi, Florence Laast, John Lemly, Jurgen Martini, Michael McMullan, Penina Mlama, Femi Osofisan, Sandra Richards, Amowi Sutherland Phillips, Ola Rotimi, Margaret Watts, Henry Wellington, la Vivian Windley. Efua T. Sutherland kelum tara zian mɛ n boi ti ba yi'ira ti "Efua Sutherland Hall" bɔna Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana wa. , London: Longman, 1977, 1980; Washington, DC: Three Continents Press, 1980 The Voice in the Forest: A de la solene n ze'ele Ghana "A Tale from Ghana, Philomel Books, 1983 yuunɛ.

Kaalegɔ basɛba (Further reading)

[demese | demesego zia]
  • Anne V. Adams and Esi Sutherland-Addy, eds (2007). The Legacy of Efua Sutherland: Pan-African Cultural Activism, Banbury: Ayebia Clarke Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9547023-1-1
  • Fadare, Nureni Oyewole. "The Folkloric Tradition and the Female Characters in Efua T. Sutherland's and Ama Ata Aidoo's Plays". Ibadan Journal of English Studies 7 (2018):341–360.
  • James Gibbs, "Efua Sutherland: The 'Mother' of the Ghanaian Theatre", in Nkyin-kyin: Essays on the Ghanaian Theatre (Cross/Cultures 98), Rodopi, 2009.
  • Salm & Falola (2002). Culture and Customs of Ghana. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32050-0
  • Esi Sutherland-Addy, "Creating For and With Children in Ghana — Efua Sutherland: A retrospective", in Michael Etherton (ed.), African Theatre: Youth, James Currey Ltd, 2006, pp. 1–15.

Kelum bisɛ kalam wa (See also)

[demese | demesego zia]

[edit source]

  • Flora Nwapa, Nigerian writer and publisher
  • Margaret Busby, Ghanaian publisher

Viisegɔ gɔnɔ (References)

[demese | demesego zia]
  1. ↑ https://www.modernghana.com/news/864177/google-celebrates-efua-sutherland-across-the-world.html
  2. ↑ https://www.modernghana.com/news/864177/google-celebrates-efua-sutherland-across-the-world.html
  3. ↑ https://www.modernghana.com/news/864177/google-celebrates-efua-sutherland-across-the-world.html
  4. ↑ https://archive.org/details/myriadworldsbudd00kons
  5. ↑ https://archive.org/details/myriadworldsbudd00kons
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 https://archive.org/details/myriadworldsbudd00kons
  7. ↑ https://archive.org/details/myriadworldsbudd00kons
  8. ↑ https://archive.org/details/blackauthorsillu00murp
  9. ↑ https://archive.org/details/blackauthorsillu00murp
  10. ↑ https://archive.org/details/blackauthorsillu00murp
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/remembering-efua-sutherland-influence-on-ghanaian-theatre.html
  12. ↑ https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/remembering-efua-sutherland-influence-on-ghanaian-theatre.html
  13. ↑ https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/remembering-efua-sutherland-influence-on-ghanaian-theatre.html
  14. ↑ Archive copy.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 https://playgroundology.wordpress.com/category/efua-sutherland/
  16. ↑ https://playgroundology.wordpress.com/category/efua-sutherland/
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 https://www.panafestghana.org/page/?id=2387
  18. ↑ https://www.panafestghana.org/page/?id=2387
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 https://lucas.leeds.ac.uk/article/the-legacy-of-efua-sutherland-pan-african-cultural-activism/
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 https://books.google.com/books?id=twazxuJh1mIC&q=%22efua+sutherland%22&pg=PA79
  21. ↑ https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sutherland-efua-1924-1996
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160911060426/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588822694.html
  23. ↑ https://archive.org/details/myriadworldsbudd00kons
  24. ↑ https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sutherland-efua-1924-1996
  25. ↑ https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sutherland-efua-1924-1996
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sutherland-efua-1924-1996
  27. ↑ https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sutherland-efua-1924-1996
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 http://www.noeasyvictories.org/interviews/int01_sutherland.php
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 https://groups.google.com/g/usaafricadialogue/c/11uf0pjxf1k?pli=1
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcWP7BjBnI
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcWP7BjBnI
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcWP7BjBnI
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcWP7BjBnI
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 https://books.google.com/books?id=BuvUvtPnM4wC&dq=%22efua+sutherland%22+maya+angelou&pg=PT15
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  37. ↑ https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  38. ↑ https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  39. ↑ https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  40. ↑ https://www.myjoyonline.com/theresa-ayoade-akosua-adjepong-daughters-of-glorious-jesus-others-honoured-at-3music-womens-brunch/
  41. ↑ https://archive.org/details/historyoftwentie00oyek
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 https://archive.org/details/historyoftwentie00oyek
  43. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=twazxuJh1mIC&q=%22efua+sutherland%22&pg=PA79
  44. ↑ https://playgroundology.wordpress.com/category/efua-sutherland/
  45. ↑ https://playgroundology.wordpress.com/category/efua-sutherland/
  46. ↑ https://playgroundology.wordpress.com/category/efua-sutherland/
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