So'ose paɛ yelezuo la

Jollof rice

Ze'ele Wikipiidiya
Mui
been cin
subclass ofrice Demese
named afterWolof people Demese
continentAfirika Demese
locationceremony Demese
country of originSenegal, Nigeria, Ghana Demese
fabrication methodcooking Demese
hashtagjollof rice Demese
used byeating Demese
maintained by WikiProjectWikiProject Intangible Cultural Heritage Demese
coursemain course Demese
 

Jollof (/dʒəˈlɒf/), bii jollof mui wa de la dia n ze'ele West Africa. Dia wa ba tari la mui wogero, kamantuusi, alabasa, naazu'usi, ninɔ, za'asum buuri buuri dugera ba. Jollof mui pɔsɛ ze'ele la Senegal.[1]

Tinsi yima yima e de sɛla e tari kɛleŋerɛ  yɛsera bii paara tinsi e boi West Africa, gee me la, yele yele bii Nigeria la Gaana, zɔɔgɛ la sɛba zi'isi la e ani suŋa; 2010 bɔba puan, dina yuum ta malegum mɛ ta kiŋɛ zɔtɔ yentaanɛ ti tu mina ka ti "mui kiima bii mui wasa zaberɛ" ("jollof wars").

Fareŋa yetɔgum West Africa puan, diisi la yima yima ti ba kɔ'ɔm mina ka de la briz au gras. Senegal duma puan bɔba, thieboudienne, UNESCO duma e yuum baŋɛ ka ti ka de la yelemɛŋerɛ buuri bo'olum dia.

Tuusum

[demese | demesego zia]

Jolof bii Wolof zo'e zo'e  yuum de la yelemɛŋerɛ bo'olum sɛka e yuum kɔ'ɔm sɔna bɔba asi'a e boi West Africa bɔna la morden-day Senegal, Mali, Gambia la Mauritania ze'ele ta paɛ la 12th century[2] [3] [4] gee pooren ba yuum pugum mina ka mɛ ti ka de la Jolof kingdom. African nɛresɛka e mi diimi diisi yɛla, Fran Osseo Asare, yele yeti, muwasa bii mukiima tu wan ta'am tu'  dɔla la zɛkuna, zɛsɛka ti mui zo'e;[5] dia wa yumɛŋerɛ yuum de la "thieboudienne" bii "thiebou djeun", [6] gee ti mui bɔna bini, zim, ɔɔrɔ zim la zɛvuurɔduma.[7] Ba san dikɛ la nɛnɔ dugɛ ka, la yu'urɛ de la ceebu yapp.[2] Zifo tinsi la puan e de Saint-Louis ba biseri ti ba dɔgɛ e la thieboudienne.[8] [9] [10]

Mina e mi diisi la agiriki daami yɛla, James C.McCann yusɛ ti daanse'ere dia la ta'am yalegɛ ni zo'e zi'an woo ze'ele la Senegal ta paɛ ka nananewa bɔba yese la buuri malema la e kan ta'am bɔna bɔbeyinɛ la e ka boi y"etɔgum, yelesum wara bii Gɔmena nalɛgerɛ".Ka e sɔsɛ dikaŋa la e kɔ'ɔm yalegera e boi Mali la, la dagi bala ma'a yele yele boi Djula leebeduma sɛba e wiregɛ zo'e zo'e e boi regional koosego zi'isi la  tiŋa la puan tiŋasuka, dikera la ba nɛreba zo'e zo'e yagebegɔ e de "gɔbega, koosego zi'an fii wa, la asaaleba e tuni mui" lagum ta pa'asɛ la maalam duma yimpi'usegɔ.[2]

Marc Dufumier, emeritus asaala  gɔmmi'ilena, sɔsɛ la yɛla zo'e zo'e e nananewa wa diisi e ze'ele zi'an, sɛka e wan ta'am niɛ na ma'a ti la dɛna se'ere e tole yɛsera daami sa nɛreba zo'e zo'e e tole niŋa yɛsera yɛa pɔɔsin sukaa kua e boi Senegal tiŋasuka bo Faresi kaam maalegɔ zi'an, la zɛsɛka ti ba malum basɛ tiŋa la e boi zɛsɛka ti ba sɛla buuri ki la bankɛrega 'sorghum' ti ba yuum tee dikɛ sɔɛ la mui kigema la ti ba dikɛ ze'ele Southeast Asia na la. Dina e data basɛ ti buuri dia duma ka le tara ti ba gaŋɛ amaa ba wan tara bala saŋa sa la lɔgeseto ti ba ka mina bii malum.[11]

Tu e tari tiŋa wa zuo kamatuusi saaŋa tuna la, kamatuusi zom, "capsicum" nanzu'usi duma (bee, chili, paprika), Indian curry powder, Mediterranean thyme la Asian mui buuri buuri, ta'am sirege nananewa diisi e ze'ele zi'an na ti ba kan ta'am eŋɛ kalam gaŋɛ 19th century la, sɛla ka boi e wan ta'am pa'alɛ ti za'asum duma wa ba kɔ'ɔm maalɛ ba mɛ ba ma'a gee ti lɔgeyooro ka pa'asɛ bini bii ti ba tari ba kɛ na bii kɔ ba gee ti la nyaa ta'am paɛ sankana.[12] [11] Senegal puan, Penda Mbaye nuurɛ yetɔgum yɛsera daami sa yɛla, didugera ayima e yuum ki'iri ba zi'an bɔba e boi Saint-Louis, Senegal, ti ka yuum maalɛ la dia gee yuum zɔ yese yiŋa lav'barley' ta teege mui.[13] [14] [13]

Ba buuri buuri

[demese | demesego zia]

Mui kiima bii mui wasa de la disɛka zo'e zo'e e kɔ'ɔm parɛ e boi West Africa. Tinsi yima yima zo'e zo'e e boi yɛsera yu'ura la sa'asum la puan.; [15] magesɛ wuu, Mali ka yu'urɛ de la zaamè e boi Bananankan puan. Dia la zo'e zo'e yu'urɛ jollof wa yese mɛ ze'ele Wolof nɛreba la yu'urɛ puan,[16] gee Senegal puan, Mauritania la Gambia la dia la ti tu yi'ira ka e boi Wolof ti ceebu jën bii benachin.

Faresi yetɔgum zi'isi, ba yi'iri ka la riz au gras. La ka e boi yima yima la se'em me, dia la kɔ'ɔm "mutually intelligible" kɔ'ɔm kaɛ tinsi gee kɔ'ɔm dɛna disunka sɛka ti African yiŋa duma kɔ'ɔm mina tiŋa la yiŋa sa.[2] [17] [18] [19] [20] Ka kɔ'ɔm bɔna mɛ yɛsera tiŋa la za'a waabi zɛsɛka ti tinsi e boi West African saama la zo'e.[17]

Za'asum la ba duka

[demese | demesego zia]
Typical ingredients for a jollof with fish, clockwise from top left: chili peppers, tomatoes, tomato paste, ground nut oil, rice, salt, bouillon cube, fish, onion

Buuri puan mui wasa bii mui kiima ba tari la mui, kadugerema, kamantuusi, alabasa, yaarum, "chilies" gee saŋa woo ni kɔ'ɔm lagesɛ za'asum duma asi'a bii kamatuusi niima, nanzusabega bunkara la, galiki, "thyme, curry powder, bay leaves, grains la selim, la apikilobege bii mmaa (bouillon cubes or stock) duka za'asum duma lagegɔ la boi la yima yima yɛsera la tiŋa la tiŋa la duka la duka. Nua nɔŋɔ, zuure nɛŋɔ, naafɔ nɛŋɔ, peo nɛŋɔ bii zim, saŋa woo ba nin dugɛ a mɛ la dia la bii ba dugɛ dia la ba'asɛ gee iŋɛ a pa'asɛ dia la puan tɔrɛ.[21] [22][8] Tinsi basɛba puan, zɛvuurɔ bii  kabeegi,  tɛ'ma'asa, bii karɔti ti ta pa'asɛ bini mɛ.[23]

Za'asum duma lageŋɔ asi'a ni dɛna bii sɔna ti ba dikɛ ka mui wogero la, basɛba me dɛna mui kilesi, sɛba me dɛna mui kigema, basɛba me dɛna mui waarema.[23][24]Zo'e zo'e kamatɔ zom la, kamatɔ niima, alabasa, yaarum, la " chilies" ba ni digesɛ a iŋɛ la kaam la puan nyaa kiim ti ba lebege ziirɔ se'em ti ba wan nyaŋɛ dikɛ mui la iŋɛ ta'am dugɛ.[7] [24]

Jollof zaberɛ

[demese | demesego zia]

West African tinsi ni pugum tara se'em ma'a la dia aŋa buuri buuri diyima, ta pa'asɛ la Gaana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia la Cameroon bama ma'am e kɔ'ɔm lagum taaba kɛleŋera la tinkani e iti mui wasa bii mui kiima suŋa suŋa paa.[8] 2010 bɔba sa tiŋasuka dina e yuum ta yalegɛ lebege "mui wasa bii mui kiima zaberɛ duma". [25]

" Gastronationalism" la zentaanɛ la kɔ'ɔm dɛna la yelemɛŋerɛ Nigeria la Gaana tiŋasuka, gee me kɔ'ɔm dikɛ taɛ yɛla buuri buuri, ta pa'asɛ la duka kɛleŋerɛ la "social media campaigns", suŋera karebaani buuri malema puan. [26] [27]. 2016 puan, Sister Deborah yuum yese la yuunɛ la, " Ghana Jollof", Sɛka e iŋɛ Nigeria duma la bɔba la Nigeria duma ti ba nini tigɛ la ba beebe.28 Fiiwa pooren, ba yuum kɔ'ɔm zabɛ la peelemi  la mui wasa bii mui kiima e ka tɔrɛ paɛ ba za'a  e boi Gaana nalɛgerɛ de'eŋo basɛ ti ba puurɛ pee ti Nigeria duma la nyaa kɛsera Gaana duma.[28]

San dɛna yɛm e kɔ'ɔm bɔna mui wasa bii mui kiima maalegɔ tinsi e pa'asɛ za'asum si'a e dagi za'asum mɛŋe'a  la, sɛba e boi tinsi tinsi gee ti ba me wan ta'am nyɛta ti ba tari ba ita la mui wasa bii mui kiima e ka tari yelemɛŋerɛ. [28] [8]

2014 puan, Jamie Oliver yuum pa'alɛ la duka yɛla sɛka e ta pa'asɛ la 'cheery' jamatuusi, "coriander, leemi la " parsley, ba mina mina ka po pa'asɛ ti ma tara ka po dugera e boi buuri duka puan, ta basɛ ti la iŋɛ, ta pa'asɛ la "hastag #jollof gate e kɔ'ɔm bɔna " social media ", hali ta paɛ beene ti Oliver's tigere ta biŋe ba nuurɛ.[28][8]

Tinsi Jollof buuri buuri

[demese | demesego zia]

*Cameroon*

Cameroon duma bɔba la, saŋa kasɛka ba ni yi'ira ka la mudugekiima, zo'o  zo'e ba ni digesɛ la nanzumɔlega, karoti, tɛa ma'asa la pakrika ti ba uulɛ.[8] [29]

*Gambia la*

Kantawigela e uulɛ e de Gambia tiŋa duma za'asum e boi ba diisi duka puan.[8]

*Ghana*

Gaana duma mui wasa bii mui kiima

Gaana duma mui wasa bii mui kiima ba tari la zɛvuurɔ kaam, alabasa kakadure, "pressed garlic cloves, chilies", kamatɔniima, naafɔ nɛŋɔ bii bua nɛŋɔ bii nua nɛŋɔ (saŋa ka sɛka ba ti ta'am ta dikɛ vɛvuurɛ e gaam taaba), mui mɛnka (buuri mui) bii solemi mue, zo'e zo'e ni dɛna la Jasmine mui la nanzusabega.[29] Gaana duma mui wasa bii mui kiima taaba puan ba ni nan ka dikɛ zɛvuurɔ ma'asa e sobe pa'asera bini.[28]

Ba e doli sosi'a dugera Gaana duma mui wasa bii mui kiima ni pɔsɛ me la, naafɔ nɛŋɔ la maasegɔ bii nua nɛŋɔ la ni waɛ gee kiim ka la kakadure buka bii niima, alabasa la galiki gee nyaa kiina ka gura ka e ta bi'ɛ ba'asɛ suŋa suŋa. Za'asum duma si'a e geege la ba ni nyaa kiim ba lagum la taaba, pɔsera zɛ'ɛta la alabasa, nanzu'usi, kamatɔ niima, kamatuusi la " spices" dɔla ka la bala ma'a ma'a. Za'asum la za'a waabi san ta diŋɛ kiim za'a waabi pooren, ti fu nyaa dikera mui la ps'asera bini gee nyaa dugɛ gura dia la e ta bi'ɛ. Ba ni nan dita Gaana duma mui wasa bii mui kiima ma la  "plantain" la laasi asi'a me la naafɔ nɛŋɔ, nua nɛŋɔ, zifo ti ba maalɛ ka suŋa suŋa gee nyaa kiim ka, bii la zɛvuurɔ ti ba gaam.[28] [30] [31]

Gaana wa mui wasa bii mui kiima wan nin kelum dita ka mɛ la "shito" (nanzu'usi dia buuri sɛka e ze'ele Gaana wa ti nɛreba zo'e zo'e mina ka) la aletɛɛsi pastum la de'eno asi'a saŋa.[32]

*Liberia*

Liberia duma mui wasa bii mui kiima ni pa'asɛ me la kulega diisi (seafood).[28]

*Nigeria*

Gɔŋɔ kuna wa pa'asɛ mɛ la yɛla e boi Nigeria buuri malema puan

Nigeria buuri malema

Nɛreba

Yelezuto

Daalum duma

Yinɛ pu'usegɔ la kisa bii sisa

Yagebegɔ

Diisi duka

De'eno

Zaaleŋa yɛla"flag Nigeria portal "

"vte"

La se'em me yɛla yima yima kelum bɔna mɛ, Nigeria duma mui e ŋwɔni taaba de la mui wogero (ta pa'asɛ la "sella basmati" mui), kamatuusi zom la bii kamatu niima, alabasa, nanzu'usi ("scotch bonnets la bii habanero" nanzu'usi; poblanos34 la bii nanzu wogero), zɛvuurɔ kaam, biim, maagi buuri buuri duma la za'asum giima zo'e zo'e, ta pa'asɛ la "thyme, bay leaves, curry powder, White pepper (fii wa) nut meg la stock cubes.[7] " Converted rice" sɛka e kelum ta'am bɔna zɛsera la ka mui wogero waarema, (zo'e zo'e ti ba ni gulesɛ bini ti mui dugerema e boi U.K.35 bii 'Golden Sella basmati' mui (ŋwɔna me la mui waarema 36 la sɛba e wa'am na dɛna yele yele bii U.K duna e tari sɛba dugera, gee nyaa kɔ'ɔm pa'asera ba zo'ore puan e boi hali 2006) e de sɛla e zo'e e boi Nigeria duma dugeyiŋɔ mui duka la ka e zagesɛ se'em la.[24]

Mui suma nimmu'urɛ ti Nigeria duma tara dugera duge-yiŋɔ de la, ta pa'asɛ la mui wasa bii mui kiima, de la ba waɛ bu mɛ. Ba puti'irɛ la e de se'em la bii ba wan dikɛ la mui la buuri e zo'e se'em la bu mina se'em sa'am buuri  e de bii "conventional" mui-wogero waarema/mui si'a bi'irɛ e de kalam (magesɛ wuu., Tolly Boy, Mama Gold, Dangote mui, Veetee, Village Pride, Tropical Sun, Mama Pride, Mama Africa, Cap Rice, Uncle Ben's, Royal Stallion, Carolina Gold) bii Golden Sella basmati-mui waarema (tukɛ ta tara ka  wele, magesɛ wuu Asli, Tilda)[33][34][35] de la yele la e ka boi, zɛsuŋa la bii nɛra woo puti'irɛ la yelesi'a e boi ayima bii sɛka sa mui tigere e ta dɛna  conventional mui wogero bii basmati mui wogero sɛba za'a e ka tari liiba. Sɛla e pakɛ de la di e de mui waarema la, (ti ba kɔ'ɔm dugɛ bu za'a mɛ la ba pɔgerɔ la ba e ni maala la). Sella basmati mui, la san pugum ana la se'em me, la ani suŋa zo'e nara bii bɔ'ɔra basɛ mɛ.40

Ba ni dikɛ za'asum la zo'e zo'e ni dugɛ la dugeyiŋɔ puan, dina puan ti nɛnsumɔ "stock or broth" gee nyaa kiim kamatuusi la nanzu'usi niima ma'a ma'a nyaa nyaa naam pi'ileŋo la. Mui e nyaa ni pa'asɛ gee nyaa ni basɛ bu ti bu dugɛ e boi ko'omi la.[7]

Ba ni nyaa tɔrɛ dia la mɛ la ziim disɛka ti ba loe bɔta (sɛka e ta'am ween dɛna nɛŋɔ deene gee zo'e zo'e ni dɛna la nii nɛnɔ, zuure, nua nɛŋɔ bii zingulesi; zo'e zo'e ni ka gaŋɛ peo nɛŋɔ, kurekuri nɛŋɔ, la asi'a.) Gee zo'e zo'e ni nan dɛna la 'plantain' kiima, moi moi (bean pudding), zɛvuurɔ ti ba waɛ, coleslaw, aletusi, la asi'a.

"Prototypal Nigeria duma mui zo'e zo'e yima yima boi mɛ, ta pa'asɛ la kube-mui wasa bii mui kiima e ni dɛna dia ti riverine la Igbo Nigeria duma basɛba ni nan dita.


*Senegal*

Senegal duma thieboudienne UNESCO baŋeri Senegal duma bɔba la ba mui wasa bii mui kiima, tqhieboudienne, la ba de la sɛla e ka boi buuri malema soore puan dia.[36][29]Thieboudienne puan ni kɔ'ɔm dugera la mui kigema la. [37]Kantawigela ti ba uukɛ e de ba buuri za'asum. [8]

*Sierra Leone*

Tu mi dikaŋa wa la Sierra Leone, zi'an ti la wan ta'am yi bɔta abɛ kamɔlega gee tugum dɛna la kamatuusi niima.[24] [2]

Riz au gras

[demese | demesego zia]

Fareŋa yetɔgum e boi West Africa puan, ta pa'asɛ la Benin duma, Burkinabé, Guinea duma, Ivory duma, Nigeria duma la Togo duma diisi duka puan, teere e boi bini ti ba yi'ira ka ti riz gras bii riz au gras, sɛka ti ba ni nan lerege ti ka dɛna ti "mui katɛ", sɛka e  wan ŋwɔna la mui kilega bii mui gito la ti ba ni nan tara dugera dia saŋa woo la. Ta pa'asɛ, Guinea-Bissau duma diisi duka puan, Portuguese duma yetɔgum tinsi puan, tari dina mɛ.[24] Riz gras buuri ta pa'asɛ mɛ la zɛvuurɔ  duma bii nyaadua 'eggplant', karɔti, la bii kabeegi 'cabbage'.[38][39][40]


Buuri Suŋerɛ

[demese | demesego zia]

Zi'isi asi'a me tari diisi siyi ti si ŋwɔna taaba:

Ba dugeri paatum mui wasa bii mui kiima bii paatum mui la yiŋa la dɔɔrɔ, diba e bo'ori ka kabega nyuuŋo 'smoky flavor' la kabela "dukɔ tiŋa" ŋwɔna me la tahdig  bii socarrat, ba dugeri ka me la kamatuusi ma'asaa nanzu'usi gaama, kamatuusi niima, alabasa, zɛvuurɔ kaa, "spices" bii "thyme, rosemary, curry, nɛnɔ maagi, la asi'a. 23

Tiŋa la puan mui, ti ba le yi'ira ka ti mui gaama, ba tari la abɛkamɔlegɔ la zim ti ba uulɛ a ti si ki'ɛ gee ti ba waɛ ka mɛ la " locust" tɛa (gee ti ba me kelum mina ka ti iru bii kɔlegɔ), uziza biiri la bii nyuuŋo vuurɛ (scent leaf,24 (gee ti ba kelum mina ka ti nchuanwu, arimu la ahuji e boi Igbo; ntong e boi Efik-Ibibio; efirin e boi Yoruba, añyeba e boi Igala, aramogbo e boi Edo;la asi'a), saŋa ka sɛka ti ita ka yugesera la olili ŋmaareŋa (mint mɛnka), mui gaama de la yu'urɛ sɛka e ta'am tara bɔ'ɔra bii tara pa'ala dina bii yjre zɔtɔ bɔba e boi dina bii conventional mui wasa bii mui kiima amaa e de pooren, me, abɛkamɔlega (bii sukaam kaam) e ni zo'e saŋa woo ti ba tara dugera ka gana zɛvuurɔ Katɔduma.


Mui wasa bii mui kiima tari sum mɛ zo'e zo'e e boi West Africa hali ti la ta paɛ beene ti yetɔgum bɔna ti "Paatum san bɔna gee ti mui kiima bii mui wasa san kana bini la yi ween dɛna la zi'irego". [24] Nigeria puan yelebɛa wa " see jollof" vuurɛ de la "bisɛ ya de'eŋo seko ti ba tara", Nigeria duma dia tuusum duma Ozoz Sokoh.[24]

Ze'ele 2010 bɔba sa, West African yuum kɔ'ɔm tara la nɔŋerɛ bɔna diisi puan e boi Western tingɔŋɔ wa zuo. Mui wasa bii mui kiima de'eno la ba ni iŋɛ ka la Washington, DC, la Toronto. " Tiŋa wa zuo mui wasa bii mui kiima dabeserɛ " ba de'em ka mɛ ze'ele 2015 22 Salurego puan, nyɛta sɔɔleŋa e boi "social" miidiya, gee kelum suŋɛ pa'asɛ ti tingɔŋɔ wa puan ti nɛra woo baŋɛ mui wasa bii mui kiima.[8] [24] Tigerɛ 3, 2022 puan, ba yuum na'asɛ dia la mɛ la Google Doodle. [41]

Diisi basɛba

[demese | demesego zia]

Zi'isi asi'a me tari diisi siyi ti si ŋwɔna taaba:

.Ba dugeri paatum mui wasa bii mui kiima bii paatum mui la yiŋa la dɔɔrɔ, diba e bo'ori ka kabega nyuuŋo 'smoky flavor' la kabela "dukɔ tiŋa" ŋwɔna me la tahdig  bii socarrat, ba dugeri ka me la kamatuusi ma'asaa nanzu'usi gaama, kamatuusi niima, alabasa, zɛvuurɔ kaa, "spices" bii "thyme, rosemary, curry, nɛnɔ maagi, la asi'a.[23][24]

.Tiŋa la puan mui, ti ba le yi'ira ka ti mui gaama, ba tari la abɛkamɔlegɔ la zim ti ba uulɛ a ti si ki'ɛ gee ti ba waɛ ka mɛ la " locust" tɛa (gee ti ba me kelum mina ka ti iru bii kɔlegɔ), uziza biiri la bii nyuuŋo vuurɛ (scent leaf,[24] (gee ti ba kelum mina ka ti nchuanwu, arimu la ahuji e boi Igbo; ntong e boi Efik-Ibibio; efirin e boi Yoruba, añyeba e boi Igala, aramogbo e boi Edo;la asi'a), saŋa ka sɛka ti ita ka yugesera la olili ŋmaareŋa (mint mɛnka), mui gaama de la yu'urɛ sɛka e ta'am tara bɔ'ɔra bii tara pa'ala dina bii yjre zɔtɔ bɔba e boi dina bii conventional mui wasa bii mui kiima amaa e de pooren, me, abɛkamɔlega (bii sukaam kaam) e ni zo'e saŋa woo ti ba tara dugera ka gana zɛvuurɔ Katɔduma.

Bisɛ kalam pa'asɛ

[demese | demesego zia]

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  1. ↑ https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ceebu-jn-a-culinary-art-of-senegal-01748
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782907233002
  3. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=TwIOAQAAMAAJ
  4. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-1987-1
  5. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=CAhgpbXzq0oC&pg=PA133
  6. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/dining/nigerian-food-yewande-komolafe.html
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210607-jollof-wars-who-does-west-africas-iconic-rice-dish-best
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/dining/thieboudienne-rice-recipe-senegal-national-dish.html
  9. ↑ https://www.yahoo.com/news/invented-jollof-rice-senegal-beats-140252708.html
  10. ↑ https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ceebu-jen-a-culinary-art-of-senegal-01748
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://bestofvegan.com/food-history-the-history-of-jollof-rice/
  12. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171994
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 https://matadornetwork.com/read/senegalese-thieboudienne-dish-feeds-satisfies-unites/
  14. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Monde
  15. ↑ https://archive.org/details/dinersdictionary0000ayto
  16. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=1s-a7EMM6BgC&pg=FA162
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)
  18. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=s-qnAgAAQBAJ
  19. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=hBFoAgAAQBAJ&pg=FA106
  20. ↑ https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/
  21. ↑ https://food52.com/recipes/61557-classic-nigerian-jollof-rice
  22. ↑ https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 https://www.seriouseats.com/nigerian-jollof-rice-recipe-6741471
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 Archive copy.
  25. ↑ https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-41053424
  26. ↑ https://www.demandafrica.com/food/know-the-differences-between-nigerian-and-ghanaian-jollof-rice/
  27. ↑ Archive copy.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/22/world-jollof-day-jamies-oliver-rice-scandals
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Archive copy.
  30. ↑ https://yen.com.gh/105097-traditional-ghanaian-jollof-rice-recipe-2020.html
  31. ↑ https://buzzghana.com/ghana-jollof-recipe-steps/
  32. ↑ https://yen.com.gh/105097-traditional-ghanaian-jollof-rice-recipe-2020.html
  33. ↑ https://trumpetmediagroup.com/the-trumpet/food-drink/foodies-inspire-xmas-sparkle-with-tolly-boy-rice/
  34. ↑ https://www.jumia.com.ng/tropical-sun-golden-sella-pure-basmati-rice-5kg-376088348.html
  35. ↑ https://www.schooldrillers.com/rice-brands-and-prices-in-nigeria/
  36. ↑ https://leadership.ng/jollof-wars-unesco-settles-debate-between-nigeria-ghana-senegal/#:~:text=Jollof%20rice%20(called%20Ceebu%20j%C3%ABn,heritage%20of%20humanity%20by%20UNESCO.
  37. ↑ https://www.semafor.com/article/07/09/2023/nigeria-ghana-senegal-and-jollof-war
  38. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=zG1H75z0EYYC&pg=PA28
  39. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=dW7RAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95
  40. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4053-8070-6
  41. ↑ https://www.cnet.com/culture/internet/google-doodle-celebrates-west-africas-jollof-rice/
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  • Sister Deborah - Ghana Jollof (Music Video), 12 July 2016, retrieved 18 September 2023.
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