Yaa Asantewaa

nera
naaŋɔ	female
country of citizenship	Gold Coast Colony
allegiance	Ashanti Empire, Ghana
given name	Yaa
family name	Asantewaa
noble title	Queen mother
date of birth	1832, 1840s
place of birth	Besease
date of death	17 fɔɔ 1921
place of death	Seychelles
languages spoken, written or signed	Twi
occupation	ruler, military leader, resistance fighter
position held	Queen mother, queen mother in Africa
participated in conflict	War of the Golden Stool, Anglo-Ashanti wars

Ba yuum dɔgɛ Yaa Asantewaa la October ŋwarega la puan ka dabesea piseyi la ayopɔi daarɛ bɔna 1840 yuunɛ la puan ta paɛ October ŋwarega la ka dabesa piseyi la ayɔpoi daarɛ n boi 1921 yuunɛ la puan bɔna Ejisu Asanti tiŋa la puan n pa'asɛ Ghana wa puan la. Ba yuun ta nyɔkɛ e ti a dɛna Nana Akwasi Afrane Opese Edwesuhene Edwesu tiŋa puan. 1900 yuunɛ la ti a yuum doose Ashanti duma kiŋɛ zaberɛ salema kuka bii sɛla ti ha yi'ira ti Yaa Asantewaa zaberɛ la ti a yuum naɛ la British Empire^[1] yuum zabɛ.

A Vom Yɛla

Ba yuum dɔgɛ Yaa Asantewaa la 1840 yuune la puan Besease. A sɔ yuun de la Kwaku Ampoma, Ata Po Afrane Panin beni zuo a yuun de la Edweso naba tiŋa pika ka yima puan. Saŋa sɛka ti a dɛna bia la a yuun koora la dia bɔna Boankra tiŋa la puan gee yuun ele la budaa kayima bɔna kɔmaasi tiŋa puanlaeŋa la budaa la dɔgɛ pugela. A yuun ki la 1921yuune la puan. A yuun de la nɛre kirika la ma suŋɔ. A yuun tari la yam de la politisi daana la pɔgenaba la zabere zabera niŋa daana. Yaa Asantewaa yuun de la nɛre kirika ti nɛrewoo mina a yele tiŋa la puan. Eŋa n dikɛ a nɛreba la ta zabɛ toe a tiŋa la ba salema kuka la ze'ele.

Pi'ileŋo (Prelude to Rebellion)

Yaa Asantewaa's sɔkiima, Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase yuum tari kpe'eŋo tiŋa la puan 'empire' ti a yuum loe Asantewaa ti a dɛna pɔgenaba 'Queen Mother'. Kpe'eŋo wa yuum de la kpe'eŋo n tari paŋa, a tuune yuum de la a gura Kanbumtiŋa Salemakũka "golden stool", kã'ana Kanbumtiŋa Naba "King of Ashanti", gee me kelum dɛna se'em n loori mina n wa dɛna Naba beere. Sɔkiima wa na'am saŋa la, Yaa Asantewaa yuum nyɛ ti Kanbumtiŋa wan nyɛ daaŋɔ zo'e zo'e n basɛ ti la dɛna wan bɔ'ɔra ba beere "Ashanti Confederacy"^[2] ta pa'asɛ tinsi zãba ze'ele 1883 Tari ta paɛ 1888 yuuma la puan.^[3]

Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase yuum tari kpe'eŋo tiŋa la puan 'empire' ti a yuum loe Asantewaa ti a dɛna pɔgenaba 'Queen Mother'. Kpe'eŋo wa yuum de la kpe'eŋo n tari paŋa, a tuune yuum de la a gura Kanbumtiŋa Salemakũka "golden stool", kã'ana Kanbumtiŋa Naba "King of Ashanti", gee me kelum dɛna se'em n loori mina n wa dɛna Naba beere. Sɔkiima wa na'am saŋa la, Yaa Asantewaa yuum nyɛ ti Kanbumtiŋa wan nyɛ daaŋɔ zo'e zo'e n basɛ ti la dɛna wan bɔ'ɔra ba beere "Ashanti Confederacy" ta pa'asɛ tinsi zãba ze'ele 1883 Tari ta paɛ 1888 yuuma la puan.

Yuum sɛka ti a sɔkiima yuum ki 1894 yuuni la puan la, Yaa Asantewaa yuum dikɛ Ina de pɔgenaba la paŋa loe amiŋa nyaaŋa ti a dɛna Ejisuhene. Gee sanseka ti British duma yuum sa'ɛ n ti a kiŋɛ Seychelles 1896 yuuni la puan, Ina la Kanbumtiŋa Naba Prempeh I la nɛreba baseba yuum lagum pa'asɛ Kanbumtiŋa gɔmena yizuo la puan, Yaa Asantewaa yuum de Pɔgenaba Ejisu–Juaben tiŋa. Ba yuum sa'ɛ Prempeh I sanseka la pooren, British duma gɔmena se'em n me yuu^[4]m boi "Gold Coast" wa, Frederick Hodgson, yuum boti salema kūka la me demanded the "Golden Stool"^[5], Kambumtiŋa dãalum symbol of the Asante nation.Ŋwana wa yuum basɛ me ti nɛrisɛba gyee Kanbumtiŋa la yi mɛtin Kumaasi puan, ti ba bise ba wan iŋɛ se'em ti ba Naba la lebena.^[6] Nɔkpe'ene n yuum sige nɛrisɛba n boi tiŋasuka yesera la ba wan zãle yele la se'em. Yaa Asantewaa,^[7] se'em n me yuum lagum bona mɛtin wa puan la yuum vai isege maalɛ sɔsega doose yelebɛa si'a n gã tilum wa:^[8]

Zaberɛ la Ba'asegɔ Yɛla

Bɔna March 1900 pɔsega puan la, zaberɛ la daa kɔ'ɔm biŋɛ la zi'an bɔ British duma la bɔna Kumasi tiŋa puan, zi'an ti ba daa ki'ira. Hale zi'isi mesi kelum bɔna bini mɛ la zina wa ti ba yi'ira ti Kumasi Fort la sɔgɛpa Museum. Bɔna ŋmaresi zo'e zo'e pooren la, Gold Coast nɛŋadaana la daa tum la nɛreba 1400 ti ba siŋɛ ta sa'ɛ ba. Bɔna zaberɛ la puan la ba daa nyɔkɛ la Yaa Asantewaa la a ka'aneba la a nɛreba pia la banuu tari ba yese tiŋa la puan. Nɛrebana wa de la Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpase, Nana Kwaku Duah, Nana Yaw Akoto, Nana Abena Nkyinkyim, Nana Osei Tutu II, Nana Adjei Kwaku, Nana Afia Kobi Serwaa Ampem, Nana Kofi Kumi, Nana Kwabena Nkyinkyim, Nana Okwan Nkyinkyim, Nana Agyeman Badu, Nana Ntiamoah, Nana Ababio, Nana Afia Nkyinkyim, la Nana Osei Bonsu.[12] . Zabedina wa n daa de zabese'ere n de ki'i zaberɛ bɔna Anglo la Asante zaba la puan ze'ele '19th century' puan ha la. Bɔna zabedina wa puan la Asante nɛreba daa ki gaŋɛ 2000 dee ti British nɛreba me daa ki paakɛ 1000. Zabedina n daa ba'ɛ Ku nɛreba zo'e bɔna Anglo la Asante zaba la woo puan dee me daa zaba la bala ta paakɛ ŋmaresi siyoobi. Bɔna January 1 1902 puan la, British duma la pugum yalekɛ ba so'olum la ta kɛ Asante duma so'olum busesi puan mɛ sɔna si bisera ta paakɛ bii yuumtuserɛ dee me nya eŋɛ ti so'olum bumo la lagum de na bama dinɛ. [13]

Fredrick Mitchell daa boti ba to'e Asante duma salema kuka mɛ dɔla la bam daa zabɛ nyaŋɛ ba zuo. Salema kuka la kɔ'ɔm de na girema naresesum daalegɔ lɔgɔ bɔ Asante duma nyɔvore ze'ele 17th 'century' wa paakɛ zina. Kula l la woko de la 18 'inches' ti Ku yaleŋa de na 12 'inches' Ba ka zi'iti ka zuo, amaa ba ne dikɛ ka ze'ele lɛm la Asante naba kuka. La Bristish duma la n daa zabɛ nyaŋɛ Asante duma la za'a ba daa ka sakɛ dikɛ salema kuka la bɔ ba. Ba daa dikɛ la kuka yoo pa'asɛ bɔ ba dee nya daa dikɛ salema kuka la mɛŋa ta sugɛ, mugesɛka n de tiŋa fai bɔŋa daalesum la yuuma yuuma salema kuka la daa tari ta sugɛ mɛ. Bɔna 1920 puan ti Afirika palemaaleba daa wa nyɛ salema kuka la nya sagum ka basɛ. Asante duma baa tari ba siŋɛ tɔgum zi'an ti ba ta gakɛ ba ti ba yu ba paka deon ti ba ta ki. British kpe'enduma daa sa'ɛ sɛba n eŋɛ bala la yese Golden Coast Colony la la puan mɛ dee ti daa nya ta Ku ba. British duma la n daa baŋɛ ti kuka la de la tuulum lɔgɔ la, ba daa ka boti ba dikɛ ba mɛsi ki'isɛ kuka yɛla puan. Salema kuka la ti ba kelum tara bɔbera Asante duma na'am ta paakɛ zina wa.[14]

Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa ki la ba sa'ɛ en basɛ tiŋsɛka puan la bɔna Seychelles bɔna 17th October, 1921 puan. Yuuma atã, a kum la pooren ti ba daa bɔna 17th December, 1924 ti ba daa tari Naba Prempeh I la nɛreba basɛba ti ba daa lagum sa'ɛ ba ti ba yese Asante tiŋa puan la lebena. Naba Prempeh I daa perege mɛ ti ba tari Nana Yaa Asantewaa degerɔ la Asante nɛreba basɛba la ti daa sa'ɛ lagum lebena na ti ba bɔ ba na'am kum laarɛ.[15]. Nana Yaa Asante n daa boti Asante duma nyɛ ba fai bɔŋa ze'ele British duma namesgɔ yɛla la puan la daa nyaŋɛ wa'am la 6th March, 1957, sansɛka ti Asante daa lagum Ghana za'a nyɛ fai bɔŋa. Ghana n daa de Afirika tiŋasɛka n nyɛ fai bɔŋa bɔna Afirika tisi la za'a puan [16]

Kanbunpɔgesi Nyiŋa Tuuma Yɛla

Asante pɔgesi tuuma bɔna tin-maalegɔ Yɛla puan kankaŋi de la

Ghana duma nyɛ en zina wa ti a de la napɔgesɛka n daa dikɛ a gɔmena zuo nalɛka yɔ'ɔ la a mɛŋa za'a sɔŋɛ a so'olum. Enŋa n daa tum tuuse'ere suŋɛ Asante duma budaasi ti ba zabɛ la British duma la de la a pɔgena'am yɔ'ɔ la n daa bɔ sore ti a nyaŋɛ eŋɛ bala.^[9] Asante duma tigesɛ bamesi dɔla la pɔgesi tuusum na'arɛ. Bala la ba tuusum doli la pɔgesi n lagum ze'ele Yaaba yiŋa na'arɛ.

Asante duma sakɛ ba puti'ira puan ti nɛra ziim ze'ete a ma zi'an dee ti a sia ze'eta a sɔ zi'an. Pɔgenaba la daa de la Naba tã dee me de na naditiba lugerɛ zuodaana. Yaa Asantewaa na'am la a zaberɛ sia la daa diŋɛ Asante duma bɔna ba too saŋa la puan.

Nana Yaa Asantewaa ti ba daa wi ti a wa lebege Asante naba la ze'ele a gɔmena zuo nalɛka tuuma la n de Akan pɔka la. Sɛla le pa'asɛ de la Akan pɔgesi yele n pakɛ se'em bɔna wara bigere la tɔgum gakerɛ yɛla puan se'em la. Akan duma budaa na'am dia ne ta la pɔka puan. Bɔna timbila la puan, keenduma sɛba n ma buuri tuusum zuoduma la (mpanyimfo) n ne lagesɛ de na keenduma ka'aŋɔ tigere ti ba yi'ira ti ǒdekuro.

Ti pɔgesi la de na mpanyinfo ti ba yi'ira ba ti aberewa bii ôbaa panyin. La ne dena la Bama tuunɛ ti ba pɔgesi zuo yɛla. Bɔna ôdekuro woo puan, ôbaa panyin n ne de na ba nɛŋadaana bɔ'ɔra pɔgesi yɛla bɔna timbila la puan dee me nya ne kelum pa'asɛ timbila na'am keeduma tigere la puan.^[10]

Nana Yaa Asantewaa daa bɔkɛ mugesegɔ se'em n boi British Yametuuma yɛla la puan mɛ.Ghana duma nyɛ en zina wa ti a de la napɔgesɛka n daa dikɛ a gɔmena zuo nalɛka yɔ'ɔ la a mɛŋa za'a sɔŋɛ a so'olum. Enŋa n daa tum tuuse'ere suŋɛ Asante duma budaasi ti ba zabɛ la British duma la de la a pɔgena'am yɔ'ɔ la n daa bɔ sore ti a nyaŋɛ eŋɛ bala.^[11]

Asante duma tigesɛ bamesi dɔla la pɔgesi tuusum na'arɛ. Bala la ba tuusum doli la pɔgesi n lagum ze'ele Yaaba yiŋa na'arɛ. Asante duma sakɛ ba puti'ira puan ti nɛra ziim ze'ete a ma zi'an dee ti a sia ze'eta a sɔ zi'an. Pɔgenaba la daa de la Naba tã dee me de na naditiba lugerɛ zuodaana. Yaa Asantewaa na'am la a zaberɛ sia la daa diŋɛ Asante duma bɔna ba too saŋa la puan. Nana Yaa Asantewaa ti ba daa wi ti a wa lebege Asante naba la ze'ele a gɔmena zuo nalɛka tuuma la n de Akan pɔka la. Sɛla le pa'asɛ de la Akan pɔgesi yele n pakɛ se'em bɔna wara bigere la tɔgum gakerɛ yɛla puan se'em la.

Akan duma budaa na'am dia ne ta la pɔka puan. Bɔna timbila la puan, keenduma sɛba n ma buuri tuusum zuoduma la (mpanyimfo) n ne lagesɛ de na keenduma ka'aŋɔ tigere ti ba yi'ira ti ǒdekuro. Ti pɔgesi la de na mpanyinfo ti ba yi'ira ba ti aberewa bii ôbaa panyin. La ne dena la Bama tuunɛ ti ba pɔgesi zuo yɛla. Bɔna ôdekuro woo puan, ôbaa panyin n ne de na ba nɛŋadaana bɔ'ɔra pɔgesi yɛla bɔna timbila la puan dee me nya ne kelum pa'asɛ timbila na'am keeduma tigere la puan.^[12]

Tuusum la Buuri Tɛrega Yɛla

Yaa Asantewaa pɔka n boi Ashanti tuusum la puan halibta paɛ Ghana waabi n boi British colonialism la puan: Ba ba'asɛ e mɛ suŋa suŋa n boi yuuma puan, magesɛ wuu:

Koo koo hin koo

Yaa Asantewaa ee!

Obaa basia

Ogyina apremo ano ee!

Waye be egyae

Na Wabo mmode

("Yaa Asantewaa

Pɔgesɛka n zaberɛ la zaberɛ lɔgerɔ woo gee ka zɔta sɛla sɛla. Tu tum labtunkara fu vom puan.

You have accomplished great things

You have done well")^[13]

Yaa Asantewaa de'eŋo zi'an sɛka n boi in Maida Vale, west London tiŋa puan boi la African–Caribbean.^[14]ba yuum iŋɛ de'eŋo wa la 1986 yuunɛ la puan dikɛ aigɛ e.^[15] De'eŋo zi'an la de la sɛla ti ha tarabita tɛra buuri buuri duma malema woo n boi tiŋa wa zuo. Gee la kelum basera ti la sugera la African la Caribbean tinsɛba n boi UK sa la.

Viisegɔ seko ti Ivor Agyeman-Duah, ti ba yi'ira la ti ' Yaa Asantewaa ' la naba sɛka ti ba yi'ira ka ti King Prempeh la Africa napɔgesi waabi bɔna Ghana wa la 2001 yuunɛ la puan.^[16]

Dagi bala ma'a gee Margaret Busby, yuum kelum gulesɛ gɔŋɔ ti 'Yaa Asantewaa: Warrior Queen' ti Geraldine Connor la Kofi Ghanaba,^[17]^[18] yuum naɛ la Pan-Africa duma iŋɛ bɔna UK la Ghana n boi 2001 yuunɛ la puan^[19]^[20]. Bala ti gɔngulesa kayima n boi October 2003 yuunɛ la ouan mɛ tuum gulesɛ a gɔŋɔ ti ^[21] la bɔna BBC Radio ti pɔgesi kɛlesala. Sɛba n yuum iŋɛ de'eŋo wa dela: Glenna Forster-Jones la Jack Klaff, la Pam Fraser Solomon, ti Gbemisola Ikumelo, Nana Tsiboe, Kofi-Adu, Jojo Yates, Asebre Quaye la Atongo Zimba yuum dɛna kaaleba.^[22]^[23]^[24]

La yuum de la 2018 yuunɛ la puan mi ti British jazz yuunɛ sɛka ti ba yuum yi'ira ti 'troupe Sons of Kemet' la 'Your Queen Is a Reptile n nyaa de la sɛla ti ba tara de'ena nananawa ti la dɛna sɛla n suŋeri pɔgesi zo'e zo'e yeleyele wuu nɛresabelesi. Asantewaa yu'urɛ ti ba yuum dikɛ yuum sɛka ti ba yi'ira ti, "My Queen is Yaa Asantewaa". Yaa Asantewaa yuurɛ boi zi'an woo mɛ hali ta paɛ Germany, ti ha yuum na'asɛ e ti a dɛna Africa pɔgezure.

Kibesi

Fu san ɛɛra fu baŋɛ sɛla woo suŋa suŋa, kiŋɛ ta bisɛ Yaa Asantewaa Kibesi la

Nɛreba Puti'ira (Bibliography)

Jefferson, A. W. (2016). Gold Coast Colony. In Facts on File (Ed.), World History: A Comprehensive Reference Set. Facts On File. Retrieved November 2, 2023^[25]
Boahen, A. A., & Boahen, A. (2004). Ghana (Republic of): Colonization and Resistance, 1875–1901. In K. Shillington (Ed.), Encyclopedia of African History. Routledge. Retrieved November 2, 2023, from^[26]
Harvey, Broxton, "Technological Resistance: West African Military Responses to European Imperialism, 1870–1914." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2020. doi:10.57709/18560950
Ewusi, P. (2018, October 21). The Golden Stool (17th c.–). BlackPast.org.^[27]
West, R. (2019, February 8). Yaa Asantewaa (mid-1800s–1921). BlackPast.org.^[28]
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Asante". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 September 2023^[29]. Accessed 11 November 2023.^[30]
Day, Lynda R. "What’s Tourism Got to Do with It?: The Yaa Asantewa Legacy and Development in Asanteman." Africa Today, vol. 51, no. 1, 2004, pp. 99–113. JSTOR,^[31]
Accessed 11 November 2023.^[32]

Viisegɔ Gɔnɔ

Kaalegɔ duma basɛba

[1] ttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah

[2] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC

[3] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=S4ALSvMlbzUC

[4] ttps://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=listening_to_the_voices

[5] ttps://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/jul-17-golden-stool

[6] ttps://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/jul-17-golden-stool

[7] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=NA5a78btyKMC&pg=PA25

[8] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=EjisAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA2

[9] ttps://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=listening_to_the_voices

[10] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=vV1yAAAAMAAJ

[11] ttps://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=listening_to_the_voices

[12] ttps://books.google.com/books?id=vV1yAAAAMAAJ

[13] ttp://www.answers.com/topic/yaa-asantewaa

[14] ttp://www.carnivalvillage.org.uk/

[15] ttp://www.casbah.ac.uk/newsreport6.stm

[16] ttp://allafrica.com/stories/200105180156.html

[17] ttp://www.thefreelibrary.com/Yaa+Asantewaa+on+stage%3A+The+Exploits+of+Yaa+Asantewaa,+the+Warrior...-a082064421

[18] ttps://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/feb/07/obituary-kofi-ghanaba

[19] ttp://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/print/PrintArticle.aspx?id=82064481

[20] ttps://www.theguardian.com/stage/2011/oct/31/geraldine-connor

[21] ttp://www.radiolistings.co.uk/programmes/y/ya/yaa_asantewaa.html

[22] Archive copy.

[23] ttps://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=caribbean-studies;555375a3.03

[24] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20140610214837/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23551464.html

[25] ttps://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NTc5ODU5?aid=129805.

[26] ttps://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6MTgxOTYwMw==?aid=129805

[27] Archive copy.

[28] ttps://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/golden-stool-17th-c/

[29] ttps://doi.org/10.1353%2Fat.2004.0060

[30] ttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Asante

[31] ttps://doi.org/10.1353%2Fat.2004.0060

[32] ttps://doi.org/10.1353%2Fat.2004.0060

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