Organic fertilizer

Pa’asɛ tongere
Ze'ele Wikipiidiya
A cement reservoir containing cow manure mixed with water. This is common in rural Hainan Province, China. Note the bucket on a stick that the farmer uses to apply the mixture.
Liming soil
Bone meal and meat meal can be added to soil to stimulate root growth and to release phosphorus.

Pɔkɔ bii pɔgerɔ bugelego de la bugelego duma n kɔ bona ti nɛra nɛra ka iŋɛ ba ti ba wa'ana bona.Bugelego duma de la lɔgerɔ n wan ta'am dikɛ pa'asɛ tintɔnɔ puan bii tiisi puan, ti la sugera tiisi ti ba nyɛta za'asum zo'ora suŋa suŋa. Bugelego ta'am dɛna dusi bino, ninɔ tuuma zi'isi sɛba n ka ani suŋa la, bugelego(manure), slurry, la guano; la tiisi bugelego, magese wuu tiisi sɛba n pu'e bii pu'usegɔ. Deenduma bugelego n la nasaabugelego, lɔgezura la tãpɛgelum. Bugelego wa ze'ele bo la principles of organic Agriculture, kɔa welegɔ sadoto, n wan ta'am baŋɛ bugelekuna wan ta'am dikɛ tuntuusi'a n ba'ɛ zo'e la sɛba n kan ta'am dikɛ tum.

Nɛreba sɔgerɔ[demese | demesego zia]

Sewage Sludge, gee me kelum dɛna biosolids, de la effluent ti ba pum ti be e ŋwana suŋa suŋa, blended, composted gee saŋa Kasɛka boi ti a wan ku'e (dried) sansɛka ti ba wan dɛna biological safe.[1] Bugelego wa de la bugeleseko ti ba tara ba kuura kuuse zo'e zo'e n de non-agricultural crops magese wuu Silviculture puan bii tintɔnɔ ti ba maan malege (soil remediation). Bio-solids ti ba tara tuna agriculture production de la sԑla n ba’ԑ zo’e zo’e n la National organic program USDA(NOP) duma bo nuure ti bio-solids ka bo yɔ’ɔ organic food production US tiŋa puan; gee biologic origin puan (vs lɔgezura (mineral)),[2] sludge de la sԑla n ka pa’asԑ toxic metal accumulation, pharmaceutical, hormones, n la yԑla asi’a zuo.Ba ti’isi se’em nԑreba borne pathogens coupel la zo’ore preference bɔ’ɔra (for) flust toilets la contralized sewage treatment, biosolids n teeze’ele bo night soil (yu’uŋɔ tintɔnɔ) zi’ita nԑreba excreta puan), bugelemԑko la de minimally processed.[3][4]

MAGESE WUU LA ZI'ISI[demese | demesego zia]

Bugelego n kɔ'ɔm zi'ita zi'an de la dusi puan, dusi dɛgerɔ (bino) tiisi dɛgerɔ (pɔ'ɔsegɔ) zi'ita kɔa yɛla puan, la yele sɛba ti ba bise ba suŋa suŋa.

Lɔgezura (minerals) tu wan ta'am nyɛ lɔgezura yese la dusesi bii tisesi vom ti la yuuɛ gee ti ba nyaa ki lebege tãsi, yele ana wa za'a de la dusi tuuma, (ko'om puan bon voose n ki teetee lɔgeseto), basɛba mɛ dɛna kuga ti tikuresi pɔgerɔ) la kuga basɛba (dusesi bii tisesi n yuuɛ). Dikera kugesi'a n yuure ko'om gee mɛ kpɛ'ɛm, tintɔnɔ sugerɛ mɛ ti pH zona saazuo. Do la tintɔnɔ la sugere ti pH zona saazuo la, microbial zo'ore mɛ wan ta'am ŋmɛresɛ se'em n lebera sugera biological tuuma suŋa suŋa, tintɔnɔ la puan. Sansɛka ti za'asum la san zota ŋwana suŋa suŋa basera ti tiisi la nyɛta la za'asum ŋwana suŋa suŋa lɛm. Ŋwana n basɛ ti tiisi Imma'asum zona pa'asa mɛ la ba tibesum. Gee tintɔnɔ PH la digɛ bona la a ma'a, fu maan bisera kuga la tintɔnɔ la puan kan nara. . Rock phosphate . Rock Langbinite . Rockdust . Unprocessed natural potassium sulfate

Dusi Zi'isi[demese | demesego zia]

Dusi boŋa zi'an lɔgerɔ, la ta'am dɛna dusi bino bugelego la sɛba za'a n zi'iti dusesi ti ba kuura la puan na. Tu nyɛti bugelego zi'ita la dusi iilum puan, nɔɔsi gyla yekere puan, la dusesi ti na ugera la ninɔ ma'a Inya, la yelesi'a n sugere ita la puansin bii zi'an ti ba sugera gee maan maala. Bugelego de la lɔgerɔ zo'e zo'e zi'ita nii puan, US tiŋa puan nii ma'a Bugelego gee la fii la ba paɛ billion bayi yuuni yuuni woo puan. Gee nɔa woo tari pamsɛka ti ka wan ta'am iŋɛ Bugelego zo'e zo'e ŋmaresi yoobi woo puan. Dikera Bugelego pa'asa diisi puan basɛ ti nitrgen, potassium, phasphorus, sulfur, magnesium la calcium zona la saazuo pa'asa. Gee ti tintɔnɔ boŋa zona saazuo pa'asa ŋwana wan ta'am iŋɛ gee see ti fu me basɛ ti pɔgerɔ Bugelego lɔgerɔ la zona saazuo pa'asa, gee kelum basɛ ti ko'om mɛ bisega yɛla mɛ zom pa'asɛ, ŋwana wan ta'asɛ ti yɛla zo'e wa'ana pa'asɛ ti tintɔnɔ la kan ta'am gberekira. Ze'ele ŋwana wa puan tu tari sɛba n de Bugelego la sɛba n dagi bugelego. Gee tu ta'am basɛ ti bugeLego dɛna bugelego see ti bugelego la ze'ele dusi puan bii tu kɔ'ɔm sakɛ ti ba ze'ele la dusi boŋa zi'an na. Gee dusi bugelego san ka bona, ba tari yo'o bii sore ti ba dikɛ sɛba n dagi dusi bugelego la tum, ba diŋʋ mina ti dusi la zi'an ti ba wan bona la, ba da bona zi'an n de yu'uŋɔ bii lika ba boŋa zi'an see ti ba basɛ ti ba tara diyiga ma'a bɔ'ɔra ba. Bɔgepɔɔlegɔ, n kɔ'ɔm ze'ele ba boŋa zi'an la, ba ta'am tara daaŋɔ sɛla n sɔi la ba za'asum la ta'am ba'ɛ zo'e gaŋɛ bii ba tara ba'asɛ ba nam kɔ'ɔm ze'ele dusi la boŋa zi'an wa'ana. Ŋwana ta'am tara daaŋɔ zo'e zo'e paara tiisi la sɛla n sɔi la ba za'asum la ba zo'e mɛ wan ta'am sa'am tiisi la nyiga la ba n kɔ'ɔm ze'ele dusi la boŋa zi'an la, wan ta'am daan bonvoose la n boi tintɔnɔ la puan, kuura ba bii sa'ana tiisi la bii diisi la n boi bini la, dɛna E.Coli la Salmonella. Dɛga mɛ kelum bona fu san pɔsera mɛ la sogero, sɛla n biila wan ta'am doose dusi puan tole ti daaŋɔ ka bona bii biila ta'am bona dusi puan, wan gɛrekɛ la bugelego la, ŋwana wa zuo bugelego dɛ la sɛla n nari ti kɔ tana ita se'em n wan ta'am kɔ biila la woo bii pathogens gee suŋɛ ti za'asum paŋa sige tiŋa.

Nuusi Sɔgerɔ bii Sagɛ, se'em n tari nuusi bii nɔbibesi bugelego la dɔpugerɔ, de la pɔgerɔ bugelego ti ba dikɛ ze'ele ti la sikɛ ana suŋa bɔ'ɔra tintɔnɔ ti ba wan ta'am nyɛ dia zo'e gana Synthetic bugelego duma. A tari la lɔgezura ana nuutaaba bɔ'ɔra bugelego duma basɛba, gee mɛ kelum tagesɛ tara nyɔgum, kɛmesi, magnesium, boron, la chloride. Yesera nuusi bii nɔbibesi sɔgeseto n boi bii n digelum, ba ta'am tara niisi n gei yelesi'a basɛ bo. Nuusi bii nɔbibesi sɔgeseto wa ka nari ti yɛregɛ diisi bii bum puan, la mɛ ta'am dikɛ dɛga paɛ dusi n oberi zi'an, botulism zuo, bã'asɛ n dɛ bonvoose n boi niisi sɛba n ki pu'ura puan paara ba.

Weefo bii Wiiri bugelego n tari bugelesuŋɔ n dɛ lɔgesɛba n bɔ'ɔrɛ vom (Carbon) tari paɛ lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego la (nitrogen) bɔ'ɔra composting (30:1) gee kelum dɛna buuri tintɔnɔ n tã teesuna. Ŋwana zuo, fu san bise suŋa suŋa pɔgerɔ bugelego zi'an de la tɔɔ sɛla n sɔi la dia (la pɔgerɔ lɔgerɔ duma) zi'ita zi'an ti ba bise ba tibɛ ba la tisumu yizuo ti la kelum pa'asɛ aminopyralid, clopyralid, la picloram (ti ba kɔɔsa US tiŋa puan ti ba dɛna milekuga la Grazon-) ŋwana ba ta'am doose weero dia teere zi'an la yese, gee kelum kɔ ana bala nuu ti teere kabona bugelego la puan la wan ta'am bona bala ti la yue. Yele ana wa tari la daaŋɔ paara kamatuusi, tɛa, la potatoes, basera ti diisi maalegɔ lebera pooren bii basɛ ti diisi ka maala. Le pa'asɛ, weefo bonvoose magese wuu Ivermectin ba wan ta'am nyɛ ba bugelego puan ta paɛ been se'ere ti ba daaŋɔ wan dɛna sugere bɔ'ɔra bonvoose ti la paɛ dabesa pinaasi la anuu (45).[5][6][7][8] Tainted bugelego kan ta'am ku tiisi la bonvoose sesi n nyɛti sugere bini la, gee wan ta'am maalɛ yele suma n ta zala bo sɛba n sɔi ba la.[9][10]

Zinzɔŋɛ bii Zinzɔnɔ bugelego n pum kɔ'ɔm dɛna bugelego ti ba tara tuna yuum kubesi tusa n tole puan sa, gee yele sere n nyaa kɔ'ɔm pakɛ Incans duma puan (solemitiŋa niisi boŋa zi'an),[11][9][12] fum se'em n boti zinzɔnɔ la zinzɔnɔ bugelego paaɛ, tubere dulekire ni dɛna la kum paara se'em woo kuuri zinzɔnɔ. Zinzɔŋɔ bii zinzɔnɔ bugelego zo'e mɛ lɔgesɛba n ka tã pu'ura, magese wuu (lɔgesɛba n bɔ'ɔrɛ vom(carbon), lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego(nitrogen), lɔgesɛba n dagi kuto bii n ka tari paŋa gee ti ba tara ba maala bugelego(sulfur), la lɔgesɛba n gu'ure ti bã'asɛ ka paara dusi la nɛreba.(phosphorus). Bugelekpɛ'ɛgo tari la 10% lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego(nitrogen), bugelesɛba n sugere tiisi la ti ba tara imma'asum gee dɛna mɔ'ɔŋɔ n de dɛlemadɛtɔ n tari paŋa gee sugera ti tiisi zo'ora kalam kalam. Bugelekpɛ'ɛgo wan dikɛ magesɛ ti ba maalɛ bugelego duma de la fai ti fu wan ta'am dikɛ tum deon la yiga tuuma yire puan, zinzakãra la tipigesi gee ka bisera bii lɛɛla tintɔnɔ la puan gee a tum kelum kɔ'ɔm bona la bilam dita fii fii gee sugera tiisi la gee bɔ'ɔra tintɔnɔ la paŋa pa'asa.

Bugelekpɛ'ɛgo(Guano) wa kelum kɔ'ɔm tara la paŋa yelesi'a n sugere ti bugelego la paŋa sigera tiŋa(bio-remediation) bonsɛba ka nyɛti la nini (microbes) se'em sugere duusa yelesi'a n ka ani suŋa tintɔnɔ la puan, sɛba n wan ta'am gu ti tiisi la kan tana zo'ora kalam kalam la gee tum wan ta'asɛ ti tiisi la pu'ura kalam kalam la.

Dundu'urum (urine), n zi'iti nɛreba la dusi puan na za'a de la bugelego: dundu'urum de la lɔgesɛba n lebekire bugelego lɔgerɔ (nitrogen compound), gee dundu'urum tari lɔgeseto n gu'uri ti ba'asɛ ka paara dusi la nɛreba la, zĩim(potassium). Nɛreba dundu'urum tari la yɛla sugenuurɛ butã(3) lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego la puan la zĩim puan, gee mɛ paɛ sugenuure pisiyi(20) ti la paɛ lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego(nitrogen) gee mɛ kelum dɛna bala mɛŋa nuu, lɔgesɛba n gu'uri nɛreba la dusi ti ba nyɛta ba'asɛ la. Zĩim n zo'e se'em bona dundu'urum puan de la sɛla n wan ta'am yelese gee ŋwana wan ta'am iŋɛ yese la zĩim n zone se'em bona nɛra inya puan bii nɛra dia puan. Nananawa yo'o nam ka boi ti dundu'urum wan ta'am dikɛ tum kɔa tuuma. Gee nananawa zamesegɔ boi ti ba zamesera n ta'am lilike ti baŋɛ ti dundu'urum ze'ele ŋmaresi pia la bayi puan tari paɛ ŋmaresi pia la bayoobi puan ba yese la 99% n de bonvoose n tari daaŋɔ yese la dundu'urum la n zone se'em zona saazuo pa'asa bala ti PH la lagum zona saazuo.

Dusi pu'usegɔ. Dusɛka yedene n de butchered la ni dɛna la 40% tari paɛ 60% n ni dɛna dumvoose ti ba tara yɛ'ɛsa dã'a gee ti 40% tari paɛ 60% n gee la dɛna dusi bugelego. Bugelego bana wa de la dusesi ti ba kurum bii kɔrrgɛ, saŋa zo'e zo'e ba ka diti ba-ziim, kɔberɛ bii Kuba, k̄ɔbegɔ bii kɔberɔ, lilega, tafiila, Lila... tu wa ta'am nyɛ ŋwana wa la kɔa bugelego duma puan, la ta'am dɛna ziim, dia, kɔba-dia, zim-dia, kɔberɔ-dia.

. ziim dia

. kɔberɛ dia

. zim dia

. bugelego

. bii sawdust


Tiisi[demese | demesego zia]

Bugelego teere, lɔgesɛba n sugere ti tiisi zo'ora suŋa suŋa, diditika, sɛla n basere ti dia tara paŋa, diisi n yesere ko'om puan bii kuga puan zo'e zo'e, bana za'a waabe de la pɔgerɔ bugelego duma. Basɛba, magese wuu bonsɛba n kɔ'ɔm bona dɛna kaam dia bii diisi. Tiisi n pu'urɛ (dɛlemadɛtɔ bugelego) ze'ele yuuma zo'e zo'e mɛ de la bugelego tɔseto n ani suŋa tana maala dia.[13][14]

Bugelego teere bɔ'ɔrɛ la yo'o fii ti za'asum paara tiisi, gee kelum bɔ'ɔra tintɔnɔ yo'o ti ba bona bobeyine bii ba tara paŋa zo'ora do la bugelego la puan, bugelego teere de la sɛla n sugere bonvoose sɛba n ka nyɛti la nini gee zo'ora pa'asa nyaa ni ta ŋmɛrekɛ lemina sugera tisesi n pu'urɛ ti ba lɛbegra bugelego n tari za'asum basera ti tiisi la zo'ora ŋwana naana naana. Bugelego n pu'urɛ teera ka ba bota timɔɔni n zɛa ŋwana kãtɛ kãtɛ: gee ba tum tara lɔgesɛba ti vom bona bini zo'e dɛna tiisi sɔgerɛ la lɔgesɛba n maalɛ bugelego dusi sɔgerɔ ta pa'asɛ nɛreba sɔgerɔ n de sore ti ba do la yesera yelesi'a n ta'asere ti ba'asɛ bona la fi'isegɔ n ka ani suŋa gee bona ku yima tintɔnɔ la puan.[15]

Diisi buuri buuri wan ta'am ze'ele kisɛba n ani suŋa bii sɛba n ka ani suŋa puan paara inya bii iŋa, dusi dia, gumgumno biila, la tɛa puan na. Zi'ita lɔgesɛba ti ba tara maala bugelego la zĩim, gee tɛa bɔ'ɔrɛ la bugelego la lɔgesɛba n gu'urɛ ba'asɛ dusi, nɛreba la tiisi puan. Gee ba san pɔsɛ yerege ba wan ta'am basɛ ti ammonia zom saazuo tintɔnɔ la gee ti bugum wan di biila la (seeds), la narime ti tu dikɛ ammonia tiim wa iŋɛ tiisi la san zo'e kureba ŋwana wan bo lɔgerɔ ti lac zo'e.[16][17]

Gee ARS duma zamese mɛ nyɛ ti bonvoose sɛba n kine la sɛba n ka kine tari la lɔgerɔ ti ba tara maala bugelego la lɔgesɛba n gu'uri ba'asɛ tise zota yisa mɛ kɔa tuuma zi'isi, ŋwana kan ta'am gu ko'om sa'aŋɔ, za'asum duma wa puan, gee wan ta'am dikɛ tum ti ba dɛna pɔgerɔ bugelego (organic fertilizer)

ARS Scientists duma yuum pɔsɛ maalɛ la sɛla n sugere ti tiisi la diisi buuri buuri zo'ora(algal) la sɛla n gu'uri kusebego gberrkire, ŋwana wan ta'am suŋɛ ti za'asumduma la zoti yese siŋɛ tiŋa gee ta'am bo yo'o ti ko'om tana zota sigera kulese, muŋa la bɔgesi puan ŋwana suŋa suŋa.

Ba yuum nyɛ ti za'asum zo'e mɛ algae puan, gee ba za'a tabelɛ ki mɛ, gee wan ta'am dikɛ iŋɛ disɛba ko'om zo'e la puan(cucumba) la tiisi bii kiduma biila n yeseri puan gee ŋwana wan suŋɛ ti tiisi zo'ora suŋa suŋa gana ba n tari synthetic bugelego duma ita.

Tampɛgelum (Ash) bɔ'ɔrɛ tiisi n boi zi'an la tuulega ba ta'am ni dɛna kusebegɔ n do le bugum la tuulega puan, bugelego kuna wa de la nimmu'ure K bugelego.


Saazuo tintɔnɔ n tari pu'usegɔ n la sɔgerɔ(peat) bii sɔgerɛ n lagesɛ taaba ana kankaŋi(turf), de la tiisi lɔgerɔ n ni pu'ɛ ŋwana fii. Bana n lebekeri bugelego. Tintɔnɔ sɛba paŋa n zo'e de la bugelego sɛba n wan ta'am tara paŋa, ŋwana n basere ti ko'om la tintɔnɔ la lagena taaba la ko'om n ku'urɛ gee kelum sugera tintɔnɔ la ti ba tara imma'asum. Saŋa zo'e zo'e ba ni yeti bugelekuna wa n ani suŋa sɛla n sɔi la ba tari la pɔgerɔ buhelego wa tuna ba tuuma zo'e zo'e gee ti suŋa puan bugelekuna n ani suŋa gee mɛ kelum bona saazuo bugelego duma woo puan. Ba de la bugeleseko n tã teesuna.

Nɛreba sɔgerɔ(Human waste) Sewage Sludge, gee me kelum dɛna biosolids, de la effluent ti ba pum ti be e ŋwana suŋa suŋa, blended, composted gee saŋa Kasɛka boi ti a wan ku'e (dried) sansɛka ti ba wan dɛna biological safe. Bugelego wa de la bugeleseko ti ba tara ba kuura kuuse zo'e zo'e n de non-agricultural crops magese wuu Silviculture puan bii tintɔnɔ ti ba maan malege (soil remediation). Bio-solids ti ba tara tuna agriculture production de la sԑla n ba’ԑ zo’e zo’e n la National organic program USDA(NOP) duma bo nuure ti bio-solids ka bo yɔ’ɔ organic food production US tiŋa puan; gee biologic origin puan (vs lɔgezura (mineral)), sludge de la sԑla n ka pa’asԑ toxic metal accumulation, pharmaceutical, hormones, n la yԑla asi’a zuo.Ba ti’isi se’em nԑreba borne pathogens coupel la zo’ore preference bɔ’ɔra (for) flust toilets la contralized sewage treatment, biosolids n teeze’ele bo night soil (yu’uŋɔ tintɔnɔ) zi’ita nԑreba excreta puan), bugelemԑko la de minimally processed.

Decomposing animal manure is an organic fertilizer source

FARMING APPLICATION[demese | demesego zia]

Non-organic farming puan, a compromise yesera sԑba n de bugelego la pɔgerɔ bugelego tuuma tiŋasukgo a de la sԑla n zo’e ana ŋwana naana.[18][19] sԑba n dagi bugelego (inorganic fertilizers) supplemented n la application of organics n boi ŋwana zo’e zo’e ana wuu de la return of crop residnes bii bugelego ti ba tuna ba tuuma.Cover crops me de la grown (zo’ore) ti la ta’am suŋԑ bii ba de sԑla n bɔ’ɔrԑ tintɔnɔ la paŋa ti la dԑna dԑlemadԑtɔ bugelego zi’ita nitrogen fixation zi’ita la kusebego puan na atmosphere gee me kelum phosphorus (through nutrient mobilization) tintɔnɔ aŋa (content of soils).Bugelego tiisi (fertilizer trees n ze’ele kua tuuma puan tara za’asum bii ve’era za’asum zi’ita tintɔnɔ la puan yesera na gee me kelum sugera tib a tana koto bii ko’om duma tuna ŋwana suŋa suŋa.Leguminous cover crops bii fertilizer trees me kelum zo’ora me to enrich soil dԑna dԑlemadԑtɔ bugelego doose nitrogen fixation zi’ita la atmosphere.[20]

Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ[demese | demesego zia]

  1. ↑ Hillel, Daniel (2008), "Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition", Soil in the Environment (in English), Elsevier, pp. 151–162, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-348536-6.50016-2, ISBN 978-0-12-348536-6, retrieved 2021-04-08
  2. ↑ Barker, Allen V. (2012). "Plant Growth in Response to Phosphorus Fertilizers in Acidic Soil Amended with Limestone or Organic Matter" (in en). Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43 (13): 1800–1810. DOI:10.1080/00103624.2012.684829. ISSN 0010-3624.
  3. ↑ Heinrich Dittmar, Manfred Drach, Ralf Vosskamp, Martin E. Trenkel, Reinhold Gutser, Günter Steffens "Fertilizers, 2. Types" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2009, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Tɛmpileti:Doi
  4. ↑ Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Values of Organic Fertilizers.
  5. ↑ Urine fertilizer: 'Aging' effectively protects against transfer of antibiotic resistance (en).
  6. ↑ Yes wee can: study gives green light to use urine as crop fertiliser (en) (2020-01-22).
  7. ↑ Can Human Urine Replace Chemical Fertilizers? (en-US) (2014-01-13).
  8. ↑ Pee for Plants (en) (2017-01-16).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Potassium - Urine (en).
  10. ↑ (April 2009) "Urinary potassium is a clinically useful test to detect a poor quality diet". The Journal of Nutrition 139 (4): 743–749. DOI:10.3945/jn.108.098319. ISSN 1541-6100. PMID 19211830.
  11. ↑ Urine Urea Nitrogen Test: Purpose, Procedure, and Results (en) (2018-02-27).
  12. ↑ Phosphate in Urine (en-US).
  13. ↑ Plant-Based Fertilizers for Organic Gardens (en).
  14. ↑ Robert, Graves (February 2000). Composting 2–22.
  15. ↑ Algae: A Mean, Green Cleaning Machine. USDA Agricultural Research Service (7 May 2010).
  16. ↑ (2014) "Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production". Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 31 (3): 675–682. DOI:10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002512. ISSN 0104-6632.
  17. ↑ Manure and Nutrient Management - Beef Cattle Research Council.
  18. ↑ (2011-10-03) "Isolation and Study of Cultures of Chinese Vetch Nodule Bacteria". J Bacteriol 48 (4): 483–9. DOI:10.1128/JB.48.4.483-489.1944. PMID 16560855.
  19. ↑ Uphoff, Norman; Ball, Andrew S.; Fernandes, Erick; Herren, Hans; Husson, Olivier; Laing, Mark; Palm, Cheryl; Pretty, Jules; Sanchez, Pedro; Sanginga, Nteranya; Thies, Janice (3 March 2006). Biological approaches to sustainable soil systems. ISBN 9781420017113. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
  20. ↑ Organic Farming | Agriculture | US EPA. Epa.gov.
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