Wangari Muta Maathai
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| Naaŋɔ | female  |
|---|---|
| Country of citizenship | Kenya Colony, Kenya |
| Name in native language | Wangari Maathai |
| Birth name | Wangarĩ Muta |
| Date of birth | 1 Dawalega 1940 |
| Place of birth | Nyeri |
| Date of death | 25 Sakutega 2011 |
| Place of death | Nairobi |
| Manner of death | natural causes |
| Cause of death | ovarian cancer |
| Spouse | Mwangi Maathai |
| Child | Wanjira Mathai |
| Languages spoken, written or signed | English, Swahili, Gikuyu |
| Employer | Yale University |
| Position held | Minister of Environment of Kenya, Member of the National Assembly |
| Academic degree | Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy |
| Residence | Mairena del Aljarafe |
| Member of political party | Mazingira Green Party of Kenya |
| Ethnic group | |
| Religion or worldview | Catholic Church |
| Eye color | black |
| Hair color | black hair |
| Member of | Alpha Kappa Alpha, Nobel Women's Initiative |
Dawalega ŋmarega la puan dabesa ayila, 1940 ta paara dabepisiyi fɔɔ ŋmarega la puan, 2011 n yuun de Kenyan tiŋa duma nɛrebaŋerɛ, tiŋa yɛla la gɔvena na'am lɛka yɛla yuunɛ ti Kennedy Airlift n yuun de pɔka wia daana tumam nɛresabelega tiŋa wa puan, di mia to'e wɔ'ɔrɛ katɛ n ka tari maka ti la yuun suŋɛ e ti a siŋɛ solemitinsɛka n de 'U S'la, sukuu sɛka yu'urɛ n de 'mount st. Scholastica' la ta zamesɛ to'e gɔŋɔ wia daana n de 'degree', dee le zamesɛ to'e gɔŋɔ buyidaana n de 'master's degree' la sukuu sɛka ti ba wi'ira ti 'Pittsburgh'.[1][2] A ka vo'ose dee kelum tɔkɛ tole ta zamesɛ to'e gɔŋɔ butã daana n de 'Doctor of philosophy (PhD)' la 'Kenya sukuu kãtɛ la n de Nairobi la. tumam nɛresabelega tiŋa wa puan, iŋa n daa de pɔka wia daana ti a to'e gɔŋɔ butã daana n de 'PhD'.[3]
A VOM YELE[demese | demesego zia]
Ba yuun dugɛ Maathai la April ŋwarega la puan dabeserɛ ayima 1940 yuunɛ la puan tiŋpɛka ti ba yira ti Ihithe, Nyeri District, [6] bɔna central highlands Kenya tiŋa puan.A yire duma yuun de la Kikuyu, buuri sɛba n karegɛ Kenya tiŋa puan, ti a bo tiŋa la puan yuuma zo'e zo'e. 1943 yuunɛ la puan, Maathai yire duma yuun kiŋɛ ta kira la White-owned farm bɔna Rift Valley, kɔ'ɔm lem Nakuru tiŋa, bilam ti a sɔ yɛ tuma tuna. 1947 yuunɛ la pooren, A yuunɛ kiŋɛ la Ihith la a ma, ti a yebesɛ ba yi mɛ kina paremeri sukuu bɔna tiŋa la puan, ti sukuu yuun ka boi zi'a ti a sɔ tuuna la sukuu ka bɔna bilam. A sɔ yuun ye la a goo tuuma la puan pooren la, ti n nyaa yɛ yuuma anii, ti a nyaa kiŋɛ ta pa'asɛ la sɔrɔ la puan Ihithe tiŋa la sukuu.[4][5]
Eŋa n nyaa ta yɛ yuuma piya la ayima puan la, Maathai yuun kiŋɛ la St. Cecilia's International primary sukuu, bɔna Mathari Katiliki Mission bɔna Nyeri.[6] Maathai kiŋɛ St.Cecilia sukuu la yuuma anaasi puan. Saŋa kaŋa la puan, a yuun ta tan tɔgera la solemiini gee nyaa te'e dɛna Catholicism. A yuun pa'asɛ la Legion Mary la puan, n nyaa ta te'e pu'usera nɛra asaala gee basɛ Na'ayine.[11] Eŋa n yuun ta kina St.Cecilia sukuu la, a yuun pa'asɛ la Mau Mau Uprising la, basɛ ti a ma
Ze'ele ba tiŋa kiŋɛ Ihithe tiŋa puan. Eŋa n nyaa ta ba'asɛ a sukuu la 1956 yuunɛ la puan la, yuun to'e a gɔŋɔ ti ba nyaa dikɛ e kiŋɛ pugetɔ sekederɛ sukuu ma'a bɔna Kenya tiŋa la puan, Loreto Sekederɛ sukuu bɔna Limuru.
East Afirika colonialism saŋa la, Kenya nalegereba, Tom Mboya nyaa boti ti sukuu suŋɔ wan wa Western duneya sukuu bo kɔma. John F.Kennedy la United States n de solimiitiŋa la senator, nyaa sakɛ ti ba yɛ tansugerɛ wa Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. tansugerɛ, ti tansugerɛ wa nyaa de Kennedy Airlift bii Airlift Afirika. Maathai nyaa pa'asɛ nɛreba 300 bɔna Kenyan tiŋa la puan ti ba dikɛ ba ti ba zamesɛ bɔna September ŋwarega la 1930 yuunɛ la puan.
A nyaa ta to'e la Scholarship ti a ta zamesɛ bɔna solimiitiŋa Mount St. Scholastica College (now Benedictine College ), bɔna Atchison, Kansas, bilam ti a zamesɛ Biology, la chemistry la German tɔgum. Eŋa n nyaa ta to'e a Bachelor of Science gɔŋɔ 1964 yuunɛ la puan, a zamesɛ la Yunivɛseti Pittsburgh toe a Master's gɔŋɔ dɛna biology. A Zamesegɔ la bilam la Afirika America institute, [16] A saŋa bɔna Pittsburgh, a yuun ta yɛ la environmental restoration, bilam ti ba nyaa bisera environmentalist air pollution. January ŋwarega la puan la, 1966 yuunɛ la, Maathai ti to'e a MSc bɔna biological Sciences puan, gee ti a dikɛ e ti a dɛna viisegɔ asistant de Professor of zoology bɔna Yunivɛsiti College bɔna Nairobi tiŋa puan.
A kenya lebega la pun, Maathai yuun dikɛ n yuure za'a gee nyaa dikɛ la a dugum yu'urɛ, Wangarĩ Muta. Eŋa n nyaa ta paɛ Ynivɛsiti la puan ti a posɛ a tuuma, ti ba yele e ti ba dikɛ tuuma la boi la nɛra kayima. Maathai ti baŋɛ mɛ ti la de la buuri zuo. yuuma ayi pooren ti a ee tuuma la, Professor Reinhold Hofmann bɔna Yunivɛsiti n de Giessen German tiŋa puan la, yuun boi e tuuma ti a dɛna viisegɔ assistant bɔna microanatomy section n de established Dipaatimiti la puan Veterinary Anatomy bɔna Sukuu Veterinary Medicine bɔ Yunivɛsiti college bɔna Nairobi tiŋa puan. April ŋwarega la 1966 yuunɛ la puan, ti a yɛ Mwangi Mathai, Kenya tiŋa ta kiŋɛ America zamesera, n wan dɛna a sira. A yuun tari la sitɔ pika tiŋa la puan ti sitɔ la nyaa ta kariŋɛ ti a dikɛ a sɔɔ ti a bisera bɔ'ɔra e. 1967 yuunɛ la puan, ti a belum Professor Hofmann la, a kiŋɛ la Yunivɛsiti Giessen n bɔna Germany tiŋa puan ti a iŋɛ a doctorate Zamesegɔ. A zamesɛ la Giessen la Yunivɛsiti n bɔna Munich.
1969 yuunɛ la puan, ti a lebɛ Nairobi tiŋa puan ti a kiŋɛ a sukuu Yunivɛsiti n bɔna Nairobi tiŋa puan dɛna assistant lecturer. May ŋwarega la puan, ti Mwangi Mathai di e ti a dɛna a pɔka. Eelega la pooren ti a yɔkɛ a bikeema puurɛ, ti a sira mɛ legera naam bɔna palimiti. Votigɔ la puan la, ti budaa sɛka ti ba yira ti Tom Mboya la n tari e kiŋɛ overseas la ti ba assassinate e. Bala n basɛ ti Kenyatta zuodaana la yeti ba vootɛ multi party bɔna Kenya tiŋa la puan.Pooren ti ba dɔgɛ a bikiima Waweru. 1971 yuunɛ la puan, eŋa n yuun dɛna pɔka n to'e PhD gɔŋɔ, la a doctorate veterinary gɔŋɔ anatomy, bɔna Yunivɛsiti College Nairobi tiŋa puan. A yuun ba'ase la differentiation bovines. A bipugela Wanjira la a yuun dugɛ e la December ŋwarega la 1971 yuunɛ la puan.
Maathai yuun kɔ'ɔm na zamesera la Nairobi Yunivɛsiti la puan, nyaa de lecturer anatomy 1975 yuunɛ la puan, yuun de Veterinary Anatomy bɔna Dipatimɛti la puan 1975 yuunɛ la puan la associate professor 1977 yuunɛ la puan. Eŋa n yuun dɛna pɔga ti ba kiŋɛ e iŋɛ bilam. San kaŋa la, a yuun bo pɔgesi la n tuna Yunivɛsiti la puan la sɛla yuun bota ti a dikɛ Yunivɛsiti la pa'aleba la iŋɛ tansugerɛ yɛ yɔɔrɔ. Kɔɔti la daa ta zakise mɛ, gee pooren eŋa n yuun boti sɛla la yuun iŋɛ mɛ. Sɛla n pa'asɛ a tuma bɔna Yunivɛsiti sukuu la puan la, 1970s yuunɛ la puan, Maathai yuun pa'ase la nɛreba zo'e zo'e ti ba tum.A yuun pa'asɛ la Nairobi tiŋa bɔna Kenya Red cross tansugerɛ la puan, yuun dɛna director 1973 yuunɛ la puan.A yuun pa'asɛ la Kenya Yunivɛsiti pɔgesi tansugerɛ la puan. A yuun doosɛ la ti a ze'ele Environment Liaison center 1974 yuunɛ la puan, ba yuun soke e ti a dɛna Local board, ti a nyaa dɛna board chair.
Environment Liaison la de la ba saŋɛ ti sɛba n ka bɔna Gomena tuma la puan, ti ba ba'asɛ United Nations Environment tuuma la ouan, ti ba zikãtɛ la yuun bɔna Nairobi tiŋa puan la doole United Nation tiŋa lagesegɔ la puandɛna Nɛreba zi'a ti ba iŋɛ ka Stockholm tiŋa puan 1972 yuunɛ la puan. Maathai yuun kiŋɛ ta pa'asɛ la National Council tansugerɛ la dɛna Pɔgesi bɔna Kenya tiŋa puan la (NCWK). Eŋa n tuna zi'a wa za'a zaŋa la zuo, ti la wana ti yele za'a n bɔna Kenya tiŋa puan za'a de la environmental degradation.
1974 yuunɛ la puan ti Maathai yiduma nyaa yalega ba yire la ti ba bia Muta yuun pa'ase ba zuo. A sira yuun legera la gomena naam kuka ti a ze'ele bo Lang'ata constituency, ti a biŋɛ nɔɔrɛ ti a wan basɛ ti nɛreba zo'e zo'e yɛ tuuma Kenya tiŋa puan. Nɔɔrɛ wa bigerɛ wa basɛ ti a nyaa ɛ tuma boi ba de founding Envirocare Ltd. Tuun sɛka ti ba sɛra tiisi ti ba suŋɛ tiŋa la. A tiŋɛ sɛka ti a iŋɛ yi de la gomena tiisi bɔna Karura tiŋɛ goo puan. Yela zo'e zo'e n yuun bɔna Envirocare puan. Balam la, conversation dɛna Envirocare ti a tuuma Environment Liaison Centre, UNEP nyaa basɛ ti la iŋɛ suŋa gee ti Maathai de UN lagesɔgɔ dɛna Nɛreba zi'iregɔ yele n de Habitat l, June ŋwarega la 1976 yuunɛ la puan.
1977 yuunɛ la puan la, ti Maathai tɔgɛ bo NCWK de a Habitat l kine yele.A nyaa ta kɔ'ɔm siira tiisi la mɛ ti council suŋɛ ba. June ŋwarega la dabeserɛ anuu daarɛ 1977 yuunɛ la puan, ita World Environment dabeserɛ, NCWK maakɛ la procession bɔna Kenyatta international lahesɔgɔ zi'a bɔna Nairobi paɛ Kamukunji park zuo bɔna outskirts tiŋa la, bilam ti ba sɛ tiisi ba yɔpoi ti la dɛna tiŋa la kiduma. Iŋa n nyaa dɛna Green Belt tansugerɛ. Maathai yuun tɔgɛ boi la pɔgesi Kenya tiŋa puan ti ba sɛɛra tiisi tiŋa la puan. Kina goo puan ɛɛra tiisi biile ti ba sɛ. A yuun sakɛ ti a wan yɔ pɔgesi la sɛla fii tiisi ti ba iŋɛ zi'a.
2010 yuunɛ la puan gɔŋɔ, Replenishing the Earth: n de Spiritual Values de Healing tu miŋa la duneya la za'a, a yuun nyɛ la bun suŋɔ yɛsera green Belt tansugerɛ la puan, yuun yeti civic environmental lagesɔgɔ la pa'ale ti tiŋa la puan n wan iŋɛ se'em ti sɛla woo ani saŋa ba puan, sɛla n pa'asɛ tu nari ti tu tuum suŋa ti sɛla te'e tu zi'a , tu Na'ayine pu'usegɔ puan la tiŋa la za'a, tu mam tiŋasuka gee maale tu miŋa te'e sɛla woo. Gɔŋɔ la puan, a pa'ale faara la buuri maalema yele la indigenous Kikuyu pu'usigɔ la faara yiduma ti ba pa'asɛ tuuma la puan.
A kom yele
[4/16, 8:41 AM] Student: Maathai yuun ka di unity primary vooti la November ŋwarega la 2007 yuunɛ la puan nyaa yeti a tuum bo paati la. [78] A yuun ka di December ŋwarega la vooti la. A yuun yi mɛ ti a lem kaalɛ vooti la presidential vooti la (officially yuun di Mwai Kibaki gee disputed la opposition ) a constituency la puan, ti nɛrewoo mina ti sela woo yuun kiŋɛ sum.[76]
2009 yuunɛ la puan,ti a yuun tare "The challenge for Afirika la yese na" de a insights kiŋɛ strengths la weakness n de governance boi Afirika, a miŋɛ yele, la centrality n de environmental gua Afirika beerɛ.
June ŋwarega la 2009 yuunɛ la puan, Ba yuun bo Maathai la yu'urɛ n de Peacebypeace.com n de suma'amsum. [80] ti paɛ a kum la 2011 yuunɛ la puan, Maathai yuun tuum la Eminent Advisory Board la puan[81] n de Association of European Parliamentarians boi Afirika (AWEPA ).
Wangarĩ Maathai yuun ki la September ŋwarega la dabesere pisiyi la anuu 2011 yuunɛ la puan. La yuun de la ovarian cancer ti ba teebɛ e Nairobi dɔgeta la puan.[82]
Gee ti ba laa e Wangerĩ Maathai n de suma'asum la Environmental Studies bɔna Nairobi tiŋa puan.
[4/16, 9:24 AM] Student: August ŋwarega la puan 2006 yuunɛ la ti Barack Obama yuun kiŋɛ la Kenya tiŋa puan. Ti a sɔ yuun kiŋɛ sukuu la America tiŋa iŋɛ Maathai n iŋɛ sɛla la. Eŋa la Senator la yuun nyɛ la taaba ti ba sɛ tia bɔna Uhuru park la zuo Nairobi tiŋa puan. Obama yuun yi la suma'asum ti ba na'asɛ yeti, " Press suma'asum de la wuu fum n ita Garden, fu wa'am bisɛ ka gee ta cultivated. Citizenry wa'an na'asɛ ti la da to'e fu nuusen. A yuun iŋɛ la deplored global ecological losses, singling Gomena George W. Bush's n zagesɛ ti a kan pa'asɛ United Nations Framework lagesegɔ bo Climate teerɛ
Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ[demese | demesego zia]
- ↑ Tɛmpileti:Citation/core
- ↑ Biography | The Green Belt Movement (en).
- ↑ Tɛmpileti:Citation/core
- ↑ Muhonja, Besi Brillian (2020). Radical utu : critical ideas and ideals of Wangari Muta Maathai. Athens, Ohio. ISBN 978-0-89680-507-1. OCLC 1155925037. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ↑ Musila, Grace (2020). Wangari Maathai's Registers of freedom. Grace A. Musila. Cape Town: HSRC Press. ISBN 978-0-7969-2574-9. OCLC 1148322483. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
- ↑ Wangari Maathai, the woman of trees, dies (en) (2012-01-17).